Temperature reconstructions from Europe for the past 500 years based on documentary and instrumental data are analysed. First, the basic documentary data sources, including information about climate and weather-related extremes, are described. Then, the standard palaeoclimatological reconstruction method adopted here is discussed with a particular application to temperature reconstructions from documentary-based proxy data. The focus is on two new reconstructions; January–April mean temperatures for Stockholm (1502–2008), based on a combination of data for the sailing season in the Stockholm harbour and instrumental temperature measurements, and monthly Central European temperature (CEuT) series (1500–2007) based on documentary-derived temperature indices of the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland combined with instrumental records from the same countries. The two series, both of which are individually discussed in greater detail in subsequent papers in this special edition, are here compared and analysed using running correlations and wavelet analysis. While the Stockholm series shows a pronounced low-frequency component, the CEuT series indicates much weaker low-frequency variations. Both series are analysed with respect to three different long-period reconstructions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and are compared with other European temperature reconstructions based on tree-rings, wine-harvest data and various climate multiproxies. Correlation coefficients between individual proxy-based series show weaker correlations compared to the instrumental data. There are also indications of temporally varying temperature cross-correlations between different areas of Europe. The two temperature reconstructions have also been compared to geographically corresponding temperature output from simulations with global and regional climate models for the past few centuries. The findings are twofold: on the one hand, the analysis reinforces the hypothesis that the index-data based CEuT reconstruction may not appropriately reflect the centennial scale variations. On the other hand, it is possible that climate models may underestimate regional decadal variability. By way of a conclusion, the results are discussed from a broader point of view and attention is drawn to some new challenges for future investigations in the historical climatology in Europe.

/pdf/european-climate-of-the-past-500-years-new-challenges-for-1noo30fmxd.pdf

European climate of the past 500 years: new challenges for historical climatology

This article explores domestic artifacts that testify to the afterlife of the European Reformation in the British Isles. Focusing especially on decorated and commemorative delftware, it investigates how the memory of the Protestant past was appropriated and altered in the English context and how it infiltrated the household in the guise of consumer goods in which taste, piety, politics, and private sentiment were intertwined. It analyzes their changing meanings as they moved in space and time, examines their role in cementing and complicating senses of confessional identity, and probes the process of selective remembering and forgetting by which the Reformation acquired the status of a momentous event.

/pdf/domesticating-the-reformation-material-culture-memory-and-1zasm9wqei.pdf

Domesticating the Reformation: Material Culture, Memory, and Confessional Identity in Early Modern England

We, Lucifer, lord of darkness, ruler of deep sadness, emperor of the hellish cesspool, duke of the sulphuric waters, king of the cliff, and administrator of the hellish fire, to each and everyone in our realm, friends, bishops, prelates, cathedral canons, clergy, and all others of whatever dignity and the state you may be in: our greetings.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0009640700098292

“Our Lord God's Chancery” in Magdeburg and Its Fight against the Interim

Als vor 500 Jahren (1481) William Caxton die englische Ubersetzung der zwar moderneren, jedoch schon 240 Jahre alten franzosischen Enzyklopadie ›L’image du monde‹ herausbrachte, war das nicht ein verlegerisches Wagnis, ein vereinzelter Versuch der Wiederbelebung eines an sich uberholten Werkes einer im Absterben begriffenen Gattung; vielmehr erfuhr die Enzyklopadie des Mittelalters, die alte wie die modernere, die lateinische wie die volkssprachige, seit den siebziger Jahren des 15. Jahrhunderts im fruhen Buchdruck eine unerhorte Blute und erlangte nach reicher handschriftlicher Uberlieferung im spateren Mittelalter erneut eine betrachtliche Verbreitung im ganzen Europa. Caxton empfiehlt seinen ›Mirrour of the World‹, der ubrigens als erstes in England gedrucktes Buch illustriert ist [1], im Vorwort der ersten Ausgabe — ihr sollten noch zwei weitere folgen (von Caxton 1490 und Andrewe 1527) — als ein Buch besonderer Art: Unter den vielen verschiedenartigen Buchern, die der Befriedigung von Neugier und Wissensdurst, der Erbauung und der Befestigung der Erinnerung an Vergangenes dienen konnten, habe es seinen eigenen hervorragenden Platz: 
And emonge alle other this present booke, whiche is called the ymage or mirrour of the world, ought to be visyted, redde & knowen by cause it treateth of the world and of the wondreful dyuision therof. In whiche book a man resonable may see and vnderstande more clerer, by the visytyng and seeyng of it and the figures therin, the situacion and moeuyng of the firmament etc. [2]

Grundzüge der mittelalterlichen Enzyklopädik

New approaches to the history of print have allowed historians of early modern Europe to re-evaluate major shifts in religious, intellectual, cultural and political life across Europe. Drawing on precise and detailed study of the contexts of different types of print, including books, pamphlets, newspapers and flysheets, combined with quantitative analysis and a study of texts as material objects, Thomas Munck offers a transformed picture of early modern political culture, and through analysis of new styles and genres of writing he offers a fresh perspective on the intended readership. Conflict and Enlightenment uses a resolutely comparative approach to re-examine what was being disseminated in print, and how. By mapping the transmission of texts across cultural and linguistic divides, Munck reveals how far new forms of political discourse varied depending on the particular perspectives of authors, readers and regulatory authorities, as well as the cultural adaptability of translators and sponsors.

Integrates the traditional history of books into a new history of political culture
Covers a broad chronological span to match real changes in print culture from 1635 to 1795, integrating the two biggest revolutions in early modern Europe into a broader view of political and cultural change
Takes a number of early modern texts as detailed case studies in order to situate every text within its precise historical context and escape from the 'canon' of great texts.

Conflict and Enlightenment: Print and Political Culture in Europe, 1635–1795

Bildpublizistik der frühen Neuzeit: Aufgaben und Leistungen des illustrierten Flugblatts in Deutschland bis um 1700

Deutsche illustrierte Flugblätter des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts

Imagines Mundi: Metaphorische Darstellungen der Welt in der Emblematik

Das illustrierte Flugblatt in der Kultur der Frühen Neuzeit : Wolfenbütteler Arbeitsgespräch 1997

Das illustrierte Flugblatt in der Kultur der Fruhen Neuzeit

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