In the American political process, news discourse concerning public policy issues is carefully constructed. This occurs in part because both politicians and interest groups take an increasingly proactive approach to amplify their views of what an issue is about However, news media also play an active role in framing public policy issues. Thus, in this article, news discourse is conceived as a sociocognitive process involving all three players: sources, journalists, and audience members operating in the universe of shared culture and on the basis of socially defined roles. Framing analysis is presented as a constructivist approach to examine news discourse with the primary focus on conceptualizing news texts into empirically operationalizable dimensions—syntactical, script, thematic, and rhetorical structures—so that evidence of the news media's framing of issues in news texts may be gathered. This is considered an initial step toward analyzing the news discourse process as a whole. Finally, an ex...

Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse

This Handbook charts the growing area of journalism studies, exploring the current state of theory and setting an agenda for future research in an international context. The volume is structured around theoretical and empirical approaches, and covers scholarship on news production and organizations; news content; journalism and society; and journalism in a global context. Emphasizing comparative and global perspectives, each chapter explores:
Key elements, thinkers, and texts; 
Historical context; 
Current state of the art;
Methodological issues;
Merits and advantages of the approach/area of studies;
Limitations and critical issues of the approach/area of studies;
Directions for future research

Offering broad international coverage from top-tier contributors, this volume ranks among the first publications to serve as a comprehensive resource addressing theory and scholarship in journalism studies. As such, the Handbook of Journalism Studies is a must-have resource for scholars and graduate students working in journalism, media studies, and communication around the globe.

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The Handbook of Journalism Studies

The positive theory of "congressional dominance" argues that Congress controls the bureaucracy This article offers a critical assessment, in two parts The first outlines the logical foundation of the theory, suggests why it is unsuited to an analysis of bureaucratic control, and argues that any conclusions of congressional dominance are logically unwarranted The second addresses in detail the theory's best known empirical application-a study of the FTC, as reported in various articles by Weingast, Calvert, and Moran-and argues that it does not in fact support the theory's claims

An Assessment of the Positive Theory of 'Congressional Dominance'

The Centers for Disease Control has declared obesity a public health epidemic: More than 30% of U.S. adults are obese, and obesity now equals smoking as the leading preventable cause of disease and death. The authors explore policy issues associated with the accelerated growth of obesity in the U.S. population, particularly policy related to the debated influence of food marketing practices on obesity. The authors discuss possible market failures that influence consumer food choices and address the role of existing informational and regulatory policies in moderating the alleged threat of food marketing practices to public health. They consider various types of policy remedies that have been proposed as ways to reduce societal obesity costs, and they offer an agenda for further research to address knowledge gaps that represent barriers to effective public policy decisions.

Obesity and the Role of Food Marketing: A Policy Analysis of Issues and Remedies

The purpose of media advocacy is to promote public health goals by using the media to strategically apply pressure for policy change. It provides a framework for moving the public health discussion from a primary focus on the health behavior of individuals to the behavior of the policymakers whose decisions structure the environment in which people act. It addresses the power gap rather than just the information gap. Media advocacy focuses on public policy rather than personal behavior. This article uses two case studies to illustrate key aspects of media advocacy. The first is a 5-year statewide violence prevention initiative for young people in California. The second focuses on the activities of a mothers' group working to improve public housing. The "new public health," with its focus on participation, policy development, and political processes, could benefit from incorporating media advocacy.

Media Advocacy: A Strategy for Advancing Policy and Promoting Health:

"Michael Pertschuk brings an insider's insight to the tumultuous years of the sixties and seventies, when the consumer protection bells rang from Washington throughout the land. An engrossing story of corporate versus consumer battles over health, safety, and the economic rights of Americans. The future of consumer justice is given wisdom by this eyewitness account." (Ralph Nadar). "This is a book that should be ready by everyone with a stake in regulation of business by bureaucrats in Washington. Whether you agree or disagree with his point of view - and I often disagree - you can always count on Mike Pertschuk to be provocative, stimulating, and certainly controversial." (Howard H. Bell, President, American Advertising Federation). "There is a lot of businessmen [sic] to disagree with in this book. It's troublesome and disturbing - not the least because Mike Pertschuk is a tough adversary. But any businessman [sic] - or citizen - who wants to know exactly how the politics of regulation work would be well advised to read this book - and be prepared." (George Koch, President and Chief Executive Officer Grocery Manufacturers of America). "Must reading for everyone who is a student of the consumer movement, past, present, and future, and its interaction with the government, media, private sector, et al. It is a superb 'How To' manual on tactics, and presents a rare inside look at how things really get done in that place called Washington, D.C." (Calvin Pond, Vice President, Public Affairs Division Safeway Stores, Inc.). "Pertschuk's book is outstanding; it is a beautiful blend of personal, firsthand observation and political and policy analysis." (Aaron Wildavsky, University of California, Berkeley). "A rare picture of how government works...sprightly, lucid, and appealing ...remarkably candid and honest, not only in revealing the labyrinthian interplays of politics but in disclosing the author's own attitudes and motives...An extraordinary document." (Charles Lindblom, Yale University). "There is no more controversial figure in Washington than Michael Pertschuk..." (Senator John Danforth).

Revolt Against Regulation: The Rise and Pause of the Consumer Movement

The classic US struggle between the public interest and corporate interests is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than in the decades-long struggle between the tobacco industry and advocates for public health. The failure of the "global settlement" legislation is now viewed by many public health experts as a historic missed opportunity, and in this text Pertschuk describes the forces brought to bear. A lifelong public health leader and tabacco control advocate, Pertschuk provides insight into the movement and its opposition. Questions that reveal themselves here can be applied to public advocacy as a whole. How can movement leaders gauge and best employ popular support? Who has legitimacy to speak on behalf of a particular public cause? How is it possible for those whose cause is a moral one to strike political compromise?

Smoke in Their Eyes: Lessons in Movement Leadership from the Tobacco Wars

Smoke in Their Eyes

The people rising: The campaign against the Bork nomination

The DeMarco Factor: Transforming Public Will into Political Power

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