The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper, we focus specifically to an urban IoT system that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at exploiting the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens. This paper hence provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.

/pdf/internet-of-things-for-smart-cities-u3qvvujxy2.pdf

Internet of Things for Smart Cities

The Internet of Things (IoT) shall be able to incorporate transparently and seamlessly a large number of different and heterogeneous end systems, while providing open access to selected subsets of data for the development of a plethora of digital services. Building a general architecture for the IoT is hence a very complex task, mainly because of the extremely large variety of devices, link layer technologies, and services that may be involved in such a system. In this paper we focus specifically to an urban IoT systems that, while still being quite a broad category, are characterized by their specific application domain. Urban IoTs, in fact, are designed to support the Smart City vision, which aims at exploiting the most advanced communication technologies to support added-value services for the administration of the city and for the citizens.

‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number of examples, details how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’. Such data, smart city advocates argue enables real-time analysis of city life, new modes of urban governance, and provides the raw material for envisioning and enacting more efficient, sustainable, competitive, productive, open and transparent cities. The final section of the paper provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism, examining five emerging concerns: the politics of big urban data, technocratic governance and city development, corporatisation of city governance and technological lock-ins, buggy, brittle and hackable cities, and the panoptic city.

/pdf/the-real-time-city-big-data-and-smart-urbanism-4m8s5gsr9n.pdf

The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism

‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’ which enable real-time analysis of city life, new modes of technocratic urban governance, and a re-imagining of cities. The paper details a number of projects that seek to produce a real-time analysis of the city and provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism.

/pdf/the-real-time-city-big-data-and-smart-urbanism-2eucwopj4o.pdf

The Real-Time City? Big Data and Smart Urbanism

The Internet of Things is a paradigm where everyday objects can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking and processing capabilities that will allow them to communicate with one another and with other devices and services over the Internet to accomplish some objective. Ultimately, IoT devices will be ubiquitous, context-aware and will enable ambient intelligence. This article reports on the current state of research on the Internet of Things by examining the literature, identifying current trends, describing challenges that threaten IoT diffusion, presenting open research questions and future directions and compiling a comprehensive reference list to assist researchers.

The Internet of Things--A survey of topics and trends

Cities nowadays face complex challenges to meet objectives regarding socio-economic development and quality of life. The concept of "smart cities" is a response to these challenges. This paper explores "smart cities" as environments of open and user-driven innovation for experimenting and validating Future Internet-enabled services. Based on an analysis of the current landscape of smart city pilot programmes, Future Internet experimentally-driven research and projects in the domain of Living Labs, common resources regarding research and innovation can be identified that can be shared in open innovation environments. Effectively sharing these common resources for the purpose of establishing urban and regional innovation ecosystems requires sustainable partnerships and cooperation strategies among the main stakeholders.

/pdf/smart-cities-and-the-future-internet-towards-cooperation-3s1w9yahsh.pdf

Smart cities and the future internet: towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation

Through emerging technological developments, the human being is increasingly becoming liberated in his or her role as a knowledge worker, becoming able to interact seamlessly with colleagues, resources, and information facilitating improved work processes and new value generation opportunities. In this context, the ability to interact over distance across organizational, geographical, and cultural boundaries, as well as on site, is becoming increasingly important to the overall competitiveness of any organization, as collaborative tools and technologies are rapidly being adopted by both the market and society as soon as they become available. It is evident that the market for more advanced solutions is enormous. Current developments with regards to e-collaboration technology point toward the integration of previously insular solutions into seamless collaborative working environments (CWE), which represent one such solution to future knowledge society needs (European Commission, 2004). This aim of this article is to identify the current key technological challenges research and development in the field of CWEs is confronted with. The findings are based on a study of twelve collaborative work scenarios from heterogeneous domains, from both commercial and scientific perspectives.

Technological Challenges to the Research and Development of Collaborative Working Environments

Collaborative working environments (CWE) are widely recognised as representing the next step in the development of collaborative technologies over the coming decade (European Commission, 2004, 2005; Schaffers, Brodt, Pallot, & Prinz, 2006). According Isidro Laso Ballesteros of the New Working Environments unit of the European Commission, CWE is a RTD domain with the objective “to develop technologies that will allow synchronous and asynchronous real time seamless interactions between individuals who define common objectives and work actively and effectively to achieve these common goals, participating in agreed business processes.” However, the term has yet to be defined in a manner upon which a common perspective towards research and development in the field can be suitably adopted. Against that background, this article attempts to develop such a perspective on the topic by elaborating a definition rooted in widely acknowledged works on the subjects of collaboration and e-collaboration.

A Generic Definition of Collaborative Working Environments

Fire collaboration models : final report

Digital platform ecosystems : From information transactions to collaboration impact

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