The fourth check-list of the series entitled 'Additional taxa to the Flora of Turkey' comprises a total of 175 taxa based on data given in 162 papers published up until the end of 2007. It provides details of taxa not recorded in the 11 volumes of the Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands nor in the there previously published supplementary check-lists.

/pdf/check-list-of-additional-taxa-to-the-supplement-flora-of-1nph8l7szg.pdf

Check-list of Additional Taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey IV

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/28599/1/2010_Buerki_BotJourLinSoc_163%281%29.pdf

New insights into the phylogenetics and biogeography of Arum (Araceae): unravelling its evolutionary history.

With in excess of 70 species, the Southeast Asian/Australian genus Typhonium is the largest genus of the Areae, a tribe that includes up to nine smaller genera of which Sauromatum and Lazarum have recently been reduced to the synonymy of Typhonium. To test the circumscription and relationships of Typhonium to the other Areae, we used chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences (4319 aligned nucleotides) for 86 of the total 153 species, including representatives of all relevant genera. In the resulting phylogeny, Typhonium species fall into three well-supported clades: the first comprises most Typhonium species, including the type, T. trilobatum; the second consists of the type of Sauromatum, S. guttatum, and other species formerly placed in that genus; the third includes only Australian endemics. Each of the remaining six genera of Areae is monophyletic. Sauromatum and Typhonium are not sister groups, requiring the recognition of Sauromatum. The Australian clade also needs to be ranked as a genus to achieve similar levels of morphological, geographic, and genetic distinctness among the genera of Areae. However, since only 10 of the 16 described Australian endemics currently placed in Typhonium have so far been sequenced, not including the type of the name of the Australian genus Lazarum, we refrain from applying this name to the Australian clade. Among the nomenclatural and taxonomic results of this study are a key to the nine species of Sauromatum, and five new combinations. We also report two new chromosome counts and discuss the implications of the molecular phylogeny for the evolution of Sauromatum karyotypes.

A phylogeny of the Areae (Araceae) implies that Typhonium, Sauromatum, and the Australian species of Typhonium are distinct clades

An outstanding flagship species in the plant kingdom is the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum), which produces a fountain-like bloom up to 3 m high. The unique appearance of three simultaneous inflorescences in May 2006 was a chance to analyse the flowering behaviour and thermogenesis of this giant. For the first time, the heating of the central column (spadix) could be documented using a high-performance thermographic camera. Time series analyses of the infrared image sequences revealed that the 3-m high spadix surface heats up in pulses emanating from the base of the inflorescence. The surface temperature reaches over 36 degrees C, compared to the ambient temperature of 27 degrees C. Waves of the carrion-like odour are synchronised with these heat pulses. The combination of heat pulses, the fountain-like shape plus the enormous size lead to a unique type of 'convection flower'. On the basis of our observations, we assume that Amorphophallus titanum is able to overcome thermodynamic decoupling by a self-produced convective process.

http://www.botgart.uni-bonn.de/o_samm/docs/Barthlott-et-al-2008_PlBiol.pdf

A torch in the rain forest: thermogenesis of the Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum).

For centuries the wonderful looking, but foul smelling, Arum lilies have fascinated botanists. The floral odour of many species is believed to mimic faeces—the oviposition substrate of their pollinators, mainly coprophilous flies and beetles. But not all of the 29 Arum species produce a bad floral smell. The genus has evolved a variety of pollination mechanisms, including sweet and wine-like odours, and maybe even pheromone mimicry. In order to study the evolution of the pollination syndromes in Arum, a detailed and reliable phylogeny is a crucial basis. Here we present the first detailed molecular phylogeny of the genus Arum. By combining three chloroplast and one nuclear loci, as well as AFLPs, a highly resolved tree with good statistical support was obtained. The phylogeny is in most parts in congruence with the traditional classification of the genus. By comparing the phylogeny with the data on the pollination biology of the genus we could show that the mimicry of faeces is the oldest and most basal pollination mechanism, but is also present in the youngest and most derived species. The phylogeny presented here will help to study the evolution of deceptive pollination mechanisms in Arum.

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Arum (Araceae) inferred from multi-locus sequence data and AFLPs

Lobin, W., Neumann, M., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C.: A new Arum species (Areae, Araceae) from NE Turkey and Georgia. — Willdenowia 37:445–449. — ISSN 0511 9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37206 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Arum megobrebi is described as a new species of A. subg. Arum from NE Turkey and central S Georgia and illustrated. It takes to 29 the number of species currently recognised for the genus. It is closely related to but easily distinguished from A. maculatum by, in particular, its elongate-cylindrical appendix of the spadix.

http://botgart.uni-bonn.de/docs/wi37-2Lobin+al.pdf

A new Arum species (Areae, Araceae) from NE Turkey and Georgia

The grape hyacinth (Muscari) represents an important ornamental plant group in Asparagaceae subfamily Scilloideae, comprising some 80 species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean. However, genus delimitation has repeatedly shifted over the past two centuries and a general consensus has not been reached so far. The present study investigates the phylogeny of Muscari s.l. (i.e., including the disputed segregates Pseudomuscari and Leopoldia) with a broad sampling of about half the currently recognized species using both chloroplast markers (trnK(matK)-psbA, trnL-trnF, rpl16) and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD). We perform concatenated maximum likelihood inference for both datasets as well as a coalescent-based approach and principal component analysis (PCA) on the ddRAD data. We find that the morphological characters traditionally used to distinguish different genera are not diagnostic for the clades here retrieved. Also, the segregates Pseudomuscari and Leopoldia are deeply nested in Muscari and we therefore propose a broadly defined Muscari with five subgenera. The subgenera roughly correspond to previously recognized entities, with the exception of the newly identified clade here proposed as M. subg. Pulchella subg. nov. We provide a provisional assignment of the 80 currently accepted taxa to these subgenera. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/tax.12864

Phylogeny based generic reclassification of
 Muscari
 sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic
 DNA

One of the most exciting plant species is the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum, which can truly be regarded as a flagship species for botanic gardens. Wild populations suffer from an increasing pressure on their natural habitat, but botanic gardens can play an important role in the ex-situ conservation of the species. The cultivation of A. titanum is not easy but it offers an irresistible challenge for any keen horticulturist. The University of Bonn Botanic Gardens (Germany) has more than seventy years of experience in the cultivation of this giant and the purpose of this paper is to help the botanic garden community to achieve success in the cultivation of this fascinating plant.

/pdf/the-cultivation-of-titan-arum-amorphophallus-titanum-55usqesd6j.pdf

The Cultivation of Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum)

Springkrauter (Impatiens) zeichnen sich durch eine grose Vielfalt an Blutenformen, -farben und -mustern aus. Dies macht sie zunehmend attraktiv fur Pflanzenfreunde. Daher ist seit einiger Zeit in Spezialgartnereien auch eine wachsende Anzahl an Springkraut-Arten zu finden. Uber die Kultivierung und Vermehrung dieser zum Teil sehr anspruchsvollen Arten gibt es bisher noch recht wenig Literatur. Da wir in den Botanischen Garten Bonn seit Jahren eine der weltweit grosten Springkrautsammlungen beherbergen (derzeit ca. 180 Arten), mochten wir in diesem Artikel auf die Kultur, Uberwinterung, Vermehrung sowie Schadlinge dieser Arten naher eingehen und hoffen, damit noch mehr Menschen fur die Kultur dieser wunderschonen Pflanzengruppe begeistern zu konnen.

/pdf/die-ungeduldigen-fleisige-lieschen-balsaminen-und-15uwvydcbw.pdf

Die Ungeduldigen: Fleißige Lieschen, Balsaminen und Springkräuter (Impatiens, Balsaminaceae)

One of the most exciting plant species is the Titan Arum, Amorphophallus titanum , which can truly be regarded as a flagship species for botanic gardens. Wild populations suffer from an increasing pressure on their natural habitat, but botanic gardens can play an important role in the ex-situ conservation of the species. The cultivation of A. titanum is not easy but it offers an irresistible challenge for any keen horticulturist. The University of Bonn Botanic Gardens (Germany) has more than seventy years of experience in the cultivation of this giant and the purpose of this paper is to help the botanic garden community to achieve success in the cultivation of this fascinating plant.

The Cultivation of Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum) - a Flagship Species for Botanic Gardens

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Papers

A new Arum species (Areae, Araceae) from NE Turkey and Georgia

Phylogeny based generic reclassification of Muscari sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic DNA

The Cultivation of Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum)

Die Ungeduldigen: Fleißige Lieschen, Balsaminen und Springkräuter (Impatiens, Balsaminaceae)

The Cultivation of Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanum) - a Flagship Species for Botanic Gardens