Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

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Crowdsourcing has become a popular paradigm in data curation, annotation and evaluation for many artificial intelligence and information retrieval applications. Considerable efforts have gone into devising effective quality control mechanisms that identify or discourage cheat submissions in an attempt to improve the quality of noisy crowd judgments. Besides purposeful cheating, there is another source of noise that is often alluded to but insufficiently studied: Cognitive biases. This paper investigates the prevalence and effect size of a range of common cognitive biases on a standard relevance judgment task. Our experiments are based on three sizable publicly available document collections and note significant detrimental effects on annotation quality, system ranking and the performance of derived rankers when task design does not account for such biases.

Cognitive Biases in Crowdsourcing

Consumption can be more than just a necessity; it can become a leisure activity. With the emergence of e-commerce and social media, products and services are just one click away; a trend that is further driven by gamified systems. This research aims to systematically analyze the most relevant academic literature on gamification, to establish if it influences online consumer decisions and, if so, which elements, mechanisms, and theories can explain it. After a thorough search from Web of Science and Scopus databases using SciMAT, 257 papers were analyzed. Twenty-nine (29) of the 36 papers found show empirical evidence that the inclusion of game elements in non-game activities has a significant influence on consumer engagement and online consumer decisions in digital contexts. Moreover, rewards and challenges were identified as the two most used mechanisms, with points, badges, and leaderboards being the most tested gamification elements. The Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) are the two most common theoretical explanations for why gamification works. Lastly, possible future studies to include thematic, methodological and theoretical agendas were discussed.

/pdf/gamification-and-online-consumer-decisions-is-the-game-over-51t8i02aid.pdf

Gamification and online consumer decisions: Is the game over?

Gamification is the use of video-game mechanics and elements in nongame contexts to enhance user engagement and performance. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review to have an in-depth investigation into the existing gamification solutions targeted at solving user engagement problems in different categories of software. We carried out this systematic review by proposing a framework of gamifying process, which is the basis for comparison of existing gamification solutions. In order to report the review, the primary studies are categorized according to the following: a) gamified software and their platforms; b) elements of the gamifying process; c) gamification solutions in each software type; d) gamification solutions for software user engagement problems; e) gamification solutions in general; and f) effects of gamification on software user engagement and performance. Based on the search procedure and criteria, a total of 78 primary studies were extracted. Most of the studies fo...

Gamification Solutions to Enhance Software User Engagement—A Systematic Review

Enhancing workplace motivation through gamification: Transferrable lessons from pedagogy

Although gamification has successfully been applied in office scenarios, it remains unclear how employees really feel about the introduction of a gamified system at their workplace. In this paper, we address this issue from two directions. First, we present the outcome of an online survey where we analyze users' opinion about gamification in a workplace environment. Then, we analyze the interaction logs of a re-designed gamified enterprise book marking system to compare the employees' subjective perception of gamification with their actual behavior when using a gamified system. Results indicate that there is a strong relationship between employees' perception of gamification and their actual interaction with such system.

/pdf/perceived-and-actual-role-of-gamification-principles-2tv6bnzfob.pdf

Perceived and Actual Role of Gamification Principles

Gamification gradually gains more attention. However, gamification and its successful application is still unclear. There is a lack of insights and theory on the relationships between game design elements, motivation, domain context and user behavior. We want to discover the potentials of data-driven optimization of gamification design, e.g. by the application of machine learning techniques on user interaction data. Therefore, we propose data-driven gamification design (DDGD) and conducted a questionnaire with 17 gamification experts. Our results show that respondents regard DDGD as a promising method to improve gamification design and lead to a general definition for DDGD.

/pdf/a-primer-on-data-driven-gamification-design-5b1wdbovxp.pdf

A Primer on Data-Driven Gamification Design.

This workshop focuses on the challenges and opportunities that gamification can present for the information retrieval (IR) community. Gamification is the application of game mechanics, such as leader boards, badges or achievement points, in non-gaming environments with the aim to increase user engagement, data quality or cost effectiveness. A core aspect of gamification solutions is to infuse intrinsic motivations to participate by leveraging people's natural desires for achievement and competition. While gamification, on the one hand, is emerging as the next big thing in industry, e.g., an effective way to generate business, on the other hand, it is also becoming a major research area. However, its adoption in Information Retrieval is still in its infancy, despite the wide ranging IR tasks that may benefit from gamification techniques. These include the manual annotation of documents for IR evaluation, the participation in user studies to study interactive IR challenges, or the shift from single-user search to social search, just to mention a few.

GamifIR ’14: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Gamification for Information Retrieval

Gamification has been attracted much interest, not only in the HCI community, in the last few years. However, there is still a lack of insights and theory on the relationships between game design elements, motivation, domain context and user behavior. In this workshop we want to discover the potentials of data-driven gamification design optimization, e.g. by the application of machine learning techniques on user interaction data in a certain domain.

/pdf/data-driven-gamification-design-1h8ud7qgi6.pdf

Data-driven gamification design

One of the core ideas of gamification in an enterprise setting is to engage employees, i.e., to motivate them to fulfil boring, but necessary tasks. In this demo paper, we present a gamified enterprise bookmarking system which incorporates points, badges and a leaderboard. Preliminary studies indicate that these gamification methods result in an increased user engagement.

DAIKnow: A Gamified Enterprise Bookmarking System

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