How the combination of Circular Economy and Industry 4.0 can contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

The future of waste management in smart and sustainable cities: A review and concept paper.

Barriers to smart waste management for a circular economy in China

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and their integration in smart cities have changed the way we work and live, and enriched our society. However, IoT technologies present several challenges such as increases in energy consumption, and produces toxic pollution as well as E-waste in smart cities. Smart city applications must be environmentally-friendly, hence require a move towards green IoT. Green IoT leads to an eco-friendly environment, which is more sustainable for smart cities. Therefore, it is essential to address the techniques and strategies for reducing pollution hazards, traffic waste, resource usage, energy consumption, providing public safety, life quality, and sustaining the environment and cost management. This survey focuses on providing a comprehensive review of the techniques and strategies for making cities smarter, sustainable, and eco-friendly. Furthermore, the survey focuses on IoT and its capabilities to merge into aspects of potential to address the needs of smart cities. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for future research in smart city applications.

/pdf/green-iot-for-eco-friendly-and-sustainable-smart-cities-2gn566r87v.pdf

Green IoT for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Smart Cities: Future Directions and Opportunities

Zero waste manufacturing (ZWM) is a concept to support countries transition to a circular economy by developing manufacturing technologies and systems that eliminate waste across entire waste value chains to the fullest extent possible through reuse and recycling. Implementation of ZWM, particularly in dense urban settings such as Singapore, presents challenges for stakeholders, which stem from issues related to land scarcity, productivity, and labor shortage. A framework to address these challenges is proposed comprising six themes of design for zero waste, smart waste audit and reduction planning, smart waste collection, high-value mixed waste processing, collaborative platform for industrial symbiosis, and waste to resource conversion and recycling. A systematic literature review is used to examine industry technologies and research across the six themes to determine how the technologies can support ZWM. The research reveals that a variety of mature waste measurement, collection, and conversion technologies can be integrated through internet-of-things applications and a collaborative platform for industrial symbiosis to support Singapore and other countries in developing a ZWM ecosystem. This research examines the technical limitations of implementing ZWM technologies in dense urban settings using Singapore as a case study. Future areas of research are then proposed to overcome the implementation barriers so that ZWM can be enabled.

Zero waste manufacturing: A framework and review of technology, research, and implementation barriers for enabling a circular economy transition in Singapore

Cities around the world are on the run to become smarter. Some of these have seen an opportunity on deploying dedicated municipal access networks to support all types of city management and maintenance services requiring a data connection. This paper practically demonstrates how Internet of Things (IoT) integration with data access networks, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), combinatorial optimization, and electronic engineering can contribute to improve cities’ management systems. We present a waste collection solution based on providing intelligence to trashcans, by using an IoT prototype embedded with sensors, which can read, collect, and transmit trash volume data over the Internet. This data put into a spatio-temporal context and processed by graph theory optimization algorithms can be used to dynamically and efficiently manage waste collection strategies. Experiments are carried out to investigate the benefits of such a system, in comparison to a traditional sectorial waste collection approaches, also including economic factors. A realistic scenario is set up by using Open Data from the city of Copenhagen, highlighting the opportunities created by this type of initiatives for third parties to contribute and develop Smart city solutions.

Smart Waste Collection System Based on Location Intelligence

https://vbn.aau.dk/files/266084245/1_s2.0_S1877050916324632_main.pdf

Applied Graph Theory to Real Smart City Logistic Problems

Due to the emergence of high bandwidth-requiring services, telecommunication operators (telcos) are called to upgrade their fixed access network. In order to keep up with the competition, they must consider different optical access network solutions with Fiber To The Home (FTTH) as the prevailing one. It provides an obvious advantage for the end users in terms of high achievable data rates. On the other hand, the high initial deployment cost required exists as the heaviest impediment. The main goal of this paper is to study different approaches when designing a fiber access network. More concretely, two different optimizations are alternatively evaluated, fiber and trenching minimization, over two of the most typical fiber access architectures, Point-to-Point (P2P) and Passive Optical Network (PON). These are applied to a real geographical scenario and the best returned output in terms of minimum trenching and fiber length is highlighted. Finally, a physical topology that fits best in one of these architectures will be chosen with regards to minimum total capital expenditure (CAPEX).

Algorithmic PON/P2P FTTH access network design for CAPEX minimization

As the demand for bandwidth in broadband Internet connections to private households are increasing, the current copper network in Denmark is facing a considerable upgrade to meet the governments goal of equal access to everyone. In this paper an analysis is presented concerning the coverages of households for a variety of xDSL technologies. A cost estimation has been made when expanding the current copper infrastructure to provide VDSL connections to all households in a municipality in Denmark. This is compared to the price of providing fiber to the home (FTTH) in the same area. Furthermore, the prices of providing FTTH to the coverage areas of those comparable with VDSL are estimated

/pdf/comparison-of-cost-for-different-coverage-scenarios-between-1p0m8vegp2.pdf

Comparison of Cost for Different Coverage Scenarios between Copper and Fiber Access Networks

Smart Cities are often defined as systems of systems, where a heterogeneity of digital services oriented to the well-functioning of metropolises converge It is essential to understand where, when and how much digital data is generated, since upstream traffic is progressively growing, in volume and share One of the main challenges is how to work with continuous time digital communication services for mobile entities It may become impractical or even infeasible to work in continuous time, when dealing with a large number of data generating entities Moreover, it is unclear how to integrate the contribution of these services into a common framework, together with other Smart City oriented services This integration would contribute to understand distributed digital data activity in cities in a holistic way Consequently, we analyze how different ways of discretizing services to work with a large number of vehicles perform, compared to the continuous time case We also integrate them into a common framework for quantifying digital activity in metropolitan areas The experiments are carried out using empirically collected spatio-temporal vehicle positioning data in a real geographical scenario

Vehicle data activity quantification using spatio-temporal GIS on modelling smart cities

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