Driven by functionality and purity demand for applications of inorganic nanoparticle colloids in optics, biology, and energy, their surface chemistry has become a topic of intensive research interest. Consequently, ligand-free colloids are ideal reference materials for evaluating the effects of surface adsorbates from the initial state for application-oriented nanointegration purposes. After two decades of development, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged as a convenient and scalable technique for the synthesis of ligand-free nanomaterials in sealed environments. In addition to the high-purity surface of LSPC-generated nanoparticles, other strengths of LSPC include its high throughput, convenience for preparing alloys or series of doped nanomaterials, and its continuous operation mode, suitable for downstream processing. Unscreened surface charge of LSPC-synthesized colloids is the key to achieving colloidal stability and high affinity to biomolecules as well as support materials,...

Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications

Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: A review

Nanocomposites combine favorable features of the constituents on the nanoscale to obtain new functionalities. The present paper is concerned with the preparation of polymer-based nanocomposites consisting of metal nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and the resulting functional properties. Emphasis is placed on vapor phase deposition which inter alia allows the incorporation of alloy clusters with well defined composition and tailored filling factor profiles. Examples discussed here include optical composites with tuned particle surface plasmon resonances for plasmonic applications, magnetic high frequency materials with cut-off frequencies well above 1 GHz, sensors that are based on the dramatic change in the electronic properties near the percolation threshold, and antibacterial coatings which benefit from the large effective surface of nanoparticles and the increased chemical potential which both strongly enhance ion release.

Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites for Functional Applications†

This paper reviews the recent development of inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials for optical limiting applications. The synthesis, testing method, optical limiting property and mechanism of several representative classes of nanomaterial, including carbon nanotubes, silver and gold nanocomposites, and selected other conducting and semiconducting nanomaterials, are introduced separately. The nonlinear optical mechanisms observed in inorganic nanomaterials, i.e. nonlinear scattering, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, etc, are discussed in conjunction with the influence of the material properties and the laser source on the optical limiting performance.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/11/2/024001/pdf

Inorganic and hybrid nanostructures for optical limiting

There is a tremendous increase in the demand for converting biomaterials into high-quality industrially manufactured human body parts, also known as medical implants. Drug delivery systems, bone plates, screws, cranial, and dental devices are the popular examples of these implants - the potential alternatives for human life survival. However, the processing techniques of an engineered implant largely determine its preciseness, surface characteristics, and interactive ability with the adjacent tissue(s) in a particular biological environment. Moreover, the high cost-effective manufacturing of an implant under tight tolerances remains a challenge. In this regard, several subtractive or additive manufacturing techniques are employed to manufacture patient-specific implants, depending primarily on the required biocompatibility, bioactivity, surface integrity, and fatigue strength. The present paper reviews numerous non-degradable and degradable metallic implant biomaterials such as stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti)-based, cobalt (Co)-based, nickel-titanium (NiTi), and magnesium (Mg)-based alloys, followed by their processing via traditional turning, drilling, and milling including the high-speed multi-axis CNC machining, and non-traditional abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), laser beam machining (LBM), ultrasonic machining (USM), and electric discharge machining (EDM) types of subtractive manufacturing techniques. However, the review further funnels down its primary focus on Mg, NiTi, and Ti-based alloys on the basis of the increasing trend of their implant applications in the last decade due to some of their outstanding properties. In the recent years, the incorporation of cryogenic coolant-assisted traditional subtraction of biomaterials has gained researchers' attention due to its sustainability, environment-friendly nature, performance, and superior biocompatible and functional outcomes fitting for medical applications. However, some of the latest studies reported that the medical implant manufacturing requirements could be more remarkably met using the non-traditional subtractive manufacturing approaches. Altogether, cryogenic machining among the traditional routes and EDM among the non-traditional means along with their variants, were identified as some of the most effective subtractive manufacturing techniques for achieving the dimensionally accurate and biocompatible metallic medical implants with significantly modified surfaces. 

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-metallic-implant-biomaterials-and-1jejcof2.pdf

A comprehensive review on metallic implant biomaterials and their subtractive manufacturing

Design and application of a weed damage model for laser-based weed control

On the basic of literature data on ablation was characterized as a method of nanoparticles preparation. The own research concerned the direct ultrafast laser ablation of solids used to produce the engineering nanoparticles with narrow size distributions. Without using any chemical precursors, stoichiometric nanoparticles are generated from different materials (silver, gold, NiTi alloy) and directly dispersed in a liquid, e.g. acrylic acid, acetone, water, or a monomer of polymeric material. The produced nanoparticle solutions may be used to fabricate nano-modified plastic materials with specially designed properties by polymerization directly subsequent to particles' production, without the necessity to re-disperse the particle aggregates. In order to control the size distribution and related properties, nanomaterial characterization using on-line measurements of the particle size is applied. The developed processes give access to new homogeneous nanomaterials such as multi-component nanosystems.

Nanocomposite manufacturing using ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation in solvents and monomers

Due to their outstanding properties, interest in lasers has increased greatly in precision agriculture as a potential tool for non-chemical weed control. unwanted plants have a negative effect on crop growth, especially in close surroundings. Weed control based on mechanical (e.g. hoeing) or thermal (flaming) methods do not meet the precision requirements to preserve crop plants. An innovative combination of image processing and laser technology is promising.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/latj.201390038

Find and Irradiate — Lasers Used for Weed Control

Investigations on laser marking of plants and fruits

There is a growing number of applications in which the traditional sewing process is replaced by welding, usually ultrasonic welding. The joining of upholstery is an example for the successful integration of a textile welding process into a production process of the automotive industry. In general, welding is possible, if the fabrics are made of thermoplastic materials, which is usually the case for technical textiles. The joining of airbag fabrics – made of nylon (PA 6.6) or polyester (PES) – is a potential welding application in the future. Corresponding developments are stimulated by the airbag industry due to important drawbacks of the sewing process, e.g. seam leakage behaviour, occurrence of stitch errors as well as limited degree of automation. However, the requirements on the seam strength are extremely high (tensile strength 1,000 N/5cm according to a tensile test specified by DIN EN ISO 13935-1) and so far cannot be fulfilled by ultrasonic welding. Laser welding may be an alternative joining technique for airbag fabrics as it enables much higher seam strengths than ultrasonic welding. The basic principles of laser-based airbag welding are presented and discussed for a driver airbag as an example. Furthermore, the influence of different process parameters on the seam strength as well as aspects of seam construction and quality control are shown.

Laser-based joining of technical textiles for airbag production

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