The tremendous evolution of programmable graphics hardware has made high-quality real-time volume graphics a reality. In addition to the traditional application of rendering volume data in scientific visualization, the interest in applying these techniques for real-time rendering of atmospheric phenomena and participating media such as fire, smoke, and clouds is growing rapidly. This course covers both applications in scientific visualization, e.g., medical volume data, and real-time rendering, such as advanced effects and illumination in computer games, in detail. Course participants will learn techniques for harnessing the power of consumer graphics hardware and high-level shading languages for real-time rendering of volumetric data and effects. Beginning with basic texture-based approaches including hardware ray casting, the algorithms are improved and expanded incrementally, covering local and global illumination, scattering, pre-integration, implicit surfaces and non-polygonal isosurfaces, transfer function design, volume animation and deformation, dealing with large volumes, high-quality volume clipping, rendering segmented volumes, higher-order filtering, and non-photorealistic volume rendering. Course participants are provided with documented source code covering details usually omitted in publications.

Real-Time Volume Graphics

A three-dimensional sense adjusting unit displays three-dimensional images to a user. If a displayed reaches a limit of parallax, the user responds to the three-dimensional sense adjusting unit. According to acquired appropriate parallax information, a parallax control unit generates parallax images to realize the appropriate parallax in the subsequent stereo display. The control of parallaxes is realized by optimally setting camera parameters by going back to three-dimensional data. Functions to realize the appropriate parallax are made into and presented by a library.

Method and apparatus for processing three-dimensional images

A method and apparatus for avatar-centric communication, expression and display during a multi-user online simulation are described Various techniques are introduced to increase the richness and realism of avatar interactions, including the use of “Chat Balloons”, “Chat Props”, cinematic techniques, avatar non-verbal communication, and gaze control

Cinematic techniques in avatar-centric communication during a multi-user online simulation

This paper introduces a proof-of-concept telepresence system that offers fully dynamic, real-time 3D scene capture and continuous-viewpoint, head-tracked stereo 3D display without requiring the user to wear any tracking or viewing apparatus. We present a complete software and hardware framework for implementing the system, which is based on an array of commodity Microsoft Kinect™color-plus-depth cameras. Novel contributions include an algorithm for merging data between multiple depth cameras and techniques for automatic color calibration and preserving stereo quality even with low rendering rates. Also presented is a solution to the problem of interference that occurs between Kinect cameras with overlapping views. Emphasis is placed on a fully GPU-accelerated data processing and rendering pipeline that can apply hole filling, smoothing, data merger, surface generation, and color correction at rates of up to 100 million triangles/sec on a single PC and graphics board. Also presented is a Kinect-based marker-less tracking system that combines 2D eye recognition with depth information to allow head-tracked stereo views to be rendered for a parallax barrier autostereoscopic display. Our system is affordable and reproducible, offering the opportunity to easily deliver 3D telepresence beyond the researcher's lab.

/pdf/encumbrance-free-telepresence-system-with-real-time-3d-4cidgx8k4n.pdf

Encumbrance-free telepresence system with real-time 3D capture and display using commodity depth cameras

Visualization in Medicine is the first book on visualization and its application to problems in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book describes the algorithms, the applications and their validation (how reliable are the results?), and the clinical evaluation of the applications (are the techniques useful?). It discusses visualization techniques from research literature as well as the compromises required to solve practical clinical problems. 

The book covers image acquisition, image analysis, and interaction techniques designed to explore and analyze the data. The final chapter shows how visualization is used for planning liver surgery, one of the most demanding surgical disciplines. The book is based on several years of the authors' teaching and research experience. Both authors have initiated and lead a variety of interdisciplinary projects involving computer scientists and medical doctors, primarily radiologists and surgeons.

* A core field of visualization and graphics missing a dedicated book until now
* Written by pioneers in the field and illustrated in full color
* Covers theory as well as practice

Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications

A method for real-time video communication. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a method of video conferencing that captures a plurality of real-time video streams of a local participant from a plurality of sample viewpoints. From the plurality of video streams, a new view synthesis technique can be applied to generate a video image stream in real-time of the local participant rendered from a second location of a second participant with respect to a first location of the local participant in a coordinate space of a virtual environment. A change in either of the locations leads to the modifying of the video image stream, thereby enabling real-time video communication from the local participant to the second participant.

Method and system for real-time video communication within a virtual environment

Volume rendering creates images from sampled volumetric data. The compute intensive nature of volume rendering has driven research in algorithm optimization. An important speed optimization is the use of preclassification and preshading. The authors demonstrate an artifact that results when interpolating from preclassified or preshaded colors and opacity values separately. This method is flawed, leading to visible artifacts. They present an improved technique, opacity-weighted color interpolation, evaluate the RMS error improvement, hardware and algorithm efficiency, and demonstrated improvements. They show analytically that opacity-weighted color interpolation exactly reproduces material based interpolation results for certain volume classifiers, with the efficiencies of preclassification. The proposed technique may also have broad impact on opacity-texture-mapped polygon rendering.

http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/97/HPL-97-31R2.pdf

Opacity-weighted color interpolation, for volume sampling

We describe Coliseum, a desktop system for immersive teleconferencing Five cameras attached to a desktop LCD monitor are directed at a participant View synthesis methods produce arbitrary-perspective renderings of the participant from these video streams, and transmit them to other participants Combining these renderings in a shared synthetic environment gives the illusion of having remote participants interacting in a common space

http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2002/HPL-2002-351.pdf

The Coliseum Immersive Teleconferencing System

A method and system for topology adaptation. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for topology adaptation to support communication in a communicative environment. The embodiment of the method begins by measuring at least one performance metric for a plurality of nodes associated with a plurality of collaborators in the communicative environment. Then, the embodiment of the method dynamically adapts a communication topology for linking the plurality of nodes in the communication network to support communication in the communicative environment based on the at least one performance metric.

Method and system for topology adaptation to support communication in a communicative environment

Coliseum is a multiuser immersive remote teleconferencing system designed to provide collaborative workers the experience of face-to-face meetings from their desktops Five cameras are attached to each PC display and directed at the participant From these video streams, view synthesis methods produce arbitrary-perspective renderings of the participant and transmit them to others at interactive rates, currently about 15 frames per second Combining these renderings in a shared synthetic environment gives the appearance of having all participants interacting in a common space In this way, Coliseum enables users to share a virtual world, with acquired-image renderings of their appearance replacing the synthetic representations provided by more conventional avatar-populated virtual worlds The system supports virtual mobility--participants may move around the shared space--and reciprocal gaze, and has been demonstrated in collaborative sessions of up to ten Coliseum workstations, and sessions spanning two continents This paper summarizes the technology, and reports on issues related to its performance

/pdf/computation-and-performance-issues-in-coliseum-an-immersive-1n4h67qr66.pdf

Computation and performance issues In coliseum: an immersive videoconferencing system

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