A low cost, flexible, torqueable structure for use as at least a portion of a medical device comprises a coil formed of a wound element. The coil includes a plurality of adjacent windings. Connected portions of a region between the adjacent windings are formed (by, for example, laser welding) such that torque can be transmitted between adjacent windings.

Structure for use as part of a medical device

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are ideal power sources with great potential for automobiles, backup power systems and stationary applications, owing to high efficiency, zero emissions and high power density. For these devices with large power consumption, many unit cells are assembled in series to construct a stack to provide the required voltage and power. However, the assembly process remains a major obstacle to the large-scale deployment of high-power stack. The performance and durability of stacks are greatly affected by the assembly procedures, and the impact mechanism and assembly technique need to be fully understanding. This paper presents an overview of important issues related to the assembly process of fuel cell stacks, providing a basis for engineers and researchers to improve stack performance. It begins with a description of quality evaluation of the stack assembly, followed by assembly methods to clarify the history of the development of stack design. The main contributions to in-situ behavior of stack during the assembly compression and dynamic compression is presented in detail. Numerical methods and optimization techniques are analyzed to guide assembly process. Finally, novel stack designs involving the assembly process are sorted out. A summary of the key points in this area is also provided as a direction for future work. The aim of this paper is to evaluate which factors affect the cell performance during assembly process and how adverse effects should be mitigated via mechanism analysis, quality evaluation, assembly method selection, process optimization and novel stack structure design.

Review on proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack assembly: Quality evaluation, assembly method, contact behavior and process design

An integrated control and display system for operating a plurality of separate computer systems each having a visual display, includes at least one cursor control device for seamlessly moving a cursor among the visual displays of the separate computer systems, the cursor control device operating to control the computer system associated with the display on which the cursor appears.

Global input device for multiple computer-controlled medical systems

A membrane humidifier for a fuel cell is disclosed, wherein a pressure drop in the humidifier is minimized and a humidification of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell is optimized

Membrane humidifier for a fuel cell

Fuel cell components provide fuel cells on a flexible sheet that defines a wall of a flexible plenum. An external support structure limits expansion of the plenum in response to forces exerted by a pressurized reactant. The external support structure may comprise a portion of a housing of a portable device. Cathodes of the fuel cells may be accessible from an outside of the flexible sheet and exposed to ambient air while anodes of the fuel cell are accessible from an inside of the flexible sheet and exposed to a fuel, such as hydrogen gas.

Flexible fuel cell structures having external support

A fuel cell stack compression system (11) in which a spring assembly (22) and mechanical linkage assembly (23) are used in conjunction with tie rods (14,15) and tie bars (12) to apply a compressive load to a fuel cell stack (1). The linkage assembly (23) includes a lever (41) and three pins (42,43,44) to redirect the force or movement generated by the spring assembly (22) into a movement or force for the tie rods (14,15). The tie rods (14,15), in turn, connect to the tie bars (12) which span the top end plate (2) of the fuel cell stack and transfer the load to the stack. The linkage also includes a slotted bearing (47) which compensates for the circular arc formed by the lever and allows the spring assembly to be rigidly mounted under the bottom end plate (3). The spring assembly comprises multiple springs (32-34) arranged in parallel and designed to provide a non-linearly decreasing load as the stack compresses due to cell consolidation. This load profile reduces overall stack shrinkage while providing high pressure at the beginning of life to insure proper cell-to-cell contact.

Fuel cell stack compression system

A fuel-cell stack manifold retention system (100) in which a number of flexible belt members (101) adapted to expand, contract and slide are used to hold the manifolds (21, 22, 23) of a fuel-cell stack (1) in place against the faces of the stack (1).

Retention system for fuel-cell stack manifolds

A fuel cell stack manifold system in which a flexible manifold body (45) includes a pan having a central area (52), sidewall (54) extending outward from the periphery of the central area (52), and at least one compound fold (60) comprising a central area fold (62) connecting adjacent portions of the central area (52) and extending between opposite sides of the central area (52), and a sidewall fold (64) connecting adjacent portions of the sidewall. The manifold system further includes a rail assembly (70) for attachment to the manifold body (45) and adapted to receive pins (92) by which dielectric insulators are joined to the manifold assembly.

Flexible fuel cell gas manifold system

A fuel cell gasket assembly for use in conjunction with a fuel cell stack by placing the gasket assembly between the periphery of a face of the stack and a manifold. The periphery of the stack face includes periphery portions that expand differently during operation of the stack. The gasket assembly comprises a member adapted to have different compressibilities over predetermined portions of the member and/or a resilient shim embedded in preselected sections the member whereby the gasket maintains contact with the periphery of the stack face and the manifold. The structure of the gasket assembly of the present invention provides a compliant fuel cell gasket assembly that accommodates bipolar plate growth and end cell growth in the fuel cell stack and maintains the gas seal between the stack and manifold structure.

Compliant manifold gasket

A modular fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the stacks having a plurality of stack faces and a plurality of stack corners formed between the stack faces, wherein the plurality of stack faces include a cathode inlet face adapted to receive oxidant gas for use in a cathode side of the fuel cell stack, a cathode outlet face adapted to output cathode exhaust from the cathode side, an anode inlet face adapted to receive fuel for use in an anode side of the fuel cell stack and an anode outlet face adapted to output anode exhaust from the anode side, and wherein at least one of the cathode inlet face, cathode outlet face, anode inlet face and anode outlet face is an open face without a manifold, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and for providing fuel and oxidant gas to said fuel cell stacks, the containment structure including at least one sealed chamber for sealingly enclosing and isolating at least one open face. Also provided is a modular fuel cell assembly comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, an oxidizer disposed centrally of the fuel cell stacks and adapted to receive anode exhaust from the fuel cell stacks, to generate oxidant gas using the anode exhaust and to distribute the oxidant gas to the fuel cell stacks, and a containment structure for housing the plurality of fuel cell stacks and the oxidizer and adapted to receive fuel and distribute the fuel to the fuel cell stacks.

Modular fuel cell stack assembly including anode gas oxidizer and integrated external manifolds for use in fuel cell stack modules

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