The psychology behind QR codes: User experience perspective

This paper examines QR Codes and how they can be used to attack both human interaction and automated systems. As the encoded information is intended to be machine readable only, a human cannot distinguish between a valid and a maliciously manipulated QR code. While humans might fall for phishing attacks, automated readers are most likely vulnerable to SQL injections and command injections. Our contribution consists of an analysis of the QR Code as an attack vector, showing different attack strategies from the attackers point of view and exploring their possible consequences.

QR code security

– Near field communication (NFC) is currently perceived to be one of the most promising technologies for the future and will most likely become the standard in mobile devices in the years to come. Due to the novel nature of this technology, the assessment of its importance for the tourism industry is still relatively unclear. The author is one of the first to focus on NFC in tourism, with the aim of introducing NFC technology and drafting first responses to the following questions: what benefit can NFC technology have for tourism and what functionalities can it trigger? What are the possible future applications in tourism and what challenges will tourism be faced with in this respect? , – The potential of NFC for the tourism industry is outlined in an extensive literature research, as well as in the presentation and discussion of several pilot projects and case studies. , – The paper provides an overview of NFC functionalities and presents a first insight into the range of application for this technology in the tourism industry. The NFC ecosystem is examined and operative and strategic effects for companies, as well as the impacts for tourists, are analysed. , – NFC has a huge potential and offers a vast field of possible applications for the tourism industry. The technology must be seen, however, as an enabler that cannot solve problems from a supplier perspective, or increase convenience from a consumer perspective by itself. This paper helps to understand the complexity of NFC as a technology, the need for a common understanding and vision of its ecosystem, consistent business models which generate additional benefit, as well as the combination of market push-and-pull effects with regard to adoption and diffusion. , – Modern society is virtually inconceivable without mobile devices and the consequent use of mobile services. The multitude of technologies incorporated in the tiniest space has turned mobile phones, and smart phones in particular, into the Swiss knives of our times. NFC could change the way we interact, share, exchange and retrieve information. , – Little research has so far been carried out on this topic and the author is one of the first to focus on NFC in tourism so far.

The impact of near field communication on tourism

The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of quick response (QR) codes on customer satisfaction and purchase intention in the online shopping context on the basis of perceived flow. This stud...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1847979018812323

Examining the impact of QR codes on purchase intention and customer satisfaction on the basis of perceived flow

The evolution of modern communication technologies and widespread use of mobile phones enable their common use in numerous everyday applications. This paper describes the implementation of a system, which enables the use of phones for acquiring electronic public transport ticket. QR codes and RFID tags are used for registering passenger at the beginning and at the end of their journeys. The development of mobile applications was done by using two modern technologies, mobile operating system Android and Near Field Communication (NFC). A passenger can see the amounts charged for a ticket and other information, like departures. Moreover, a conductor can use the Android application to check the validity of the tickets. Beside the possibility of getting an electronic ticket, which is stored on the phone, a website was built to enable new users of this system to register. An additional website was designed for administrators to see the data on the journeys of passengers and to analyse statistics results.

Use of NFC and QR code identification in an electronic ticket system for public transport

Mobile services support various situations in everyday life and with the spread of mobile internet and better equipped mobile devices mobile services are becoming increasingly important, especially in tourism. Mobile tagging, based on QR codes or similar approaches, offers a technique to increase the accessibility of mobile services. In this paper potential applications of QR Codes in tourism, and specifically within a cultural institution (the Mercedes-Benz Museum), are identified and prototypically implemented. In a second step, these application scenarios are evaluated within a test user study. Results show that both, usability and intention to use the services are potentially high and QR codes are able to provide additional comfort in accessing mobile content and services.

Application of QR Codes in Online Travel Distribution

Customer loyalty is one of the most important strategies in managing customer relationships and customer cards are an important mean of customer relationship management. Especially in tourism diversity of collaborating retailers and high investments for hardware display the largest barriers for their implementation. In the last years, mobile phones have reached a rising importance in everyday life and techniques like mobile tagging or 2D Codes enable better integration of mobile services into a real physical environment. This paper presents the approach of a virtual customer card using 2D optical coding techniques, to provide its functionality through mobile devices. The usability and usefulness of the presented approach is evaluated in a test user study showing satisfaction acceptance levels for all typical usage scenarios.

Virtualisation of Customer Cards with 2D Codes

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Application of QR Codes in Online Travel Distribution

Virtualisation of Customer Cards with 2D Codes