Meta-Analysis of Workplace Physical Activity Interventions

The rapid proliferation of community-based health education programs has out- paced the knowledge base of behavior change strategies that are appropriate and effec tive for public health interventions However, experiences from a variety of large-scale studies suggest that principles and techniques of social marketing may help bridge this gap This article discusses eight essential aspects of the social marketing process: the use of a consumer orientation to develop and market intervention techniques, ex change theory as a model from which to conceptualize service delivery and program participation, audience analysis and segmentation strategies, the use of formative research in program design and pretesting of intervention materials, channel analysis for devising distribution systems and promotional campaigns, employment of the "marketing mix" concept in intervention planning and implementation, development of a process tracking system, and a management process of problem analysis, planning, implementatio

Social Marketing and Public Health Intervention

Health care costs in the United States exceed 14 percent of the gross domestic product, far more than in any other nation. Overall costs were $838 billion in 1992, or over $3,000 per person1. Well over 30 million Americans are uninsured, partly because of rising premium costs2,3. We propose an approach to part of this problem that has been neglected, one that focuses on systematically reducing the need and thus the demand for medical services. This approach requires expanding the definitions of “health promotion” and “preventive care,” paying selective attention to strategies that have been found to . . .

Reducing Health Care Costs by Reducing the Need and Demand for Medical Services

Worksite physical activity interventions

Physical activity (PA) is consistently linked to mental health outcomes. This meta-analysis synthesized depressive symptom outcomes of supervised and unsupervised PA interventions among healthy adults. Comprehensive searching and coding were applied to PA interventions among adults without clinical depression. Analyses included random-effects standardized means, Q, and moderator analysis using analysis of variance and regression meta-analytic analogues. Treatment versus control comparisons yielded a standardized mean effect size of 0.372 among 38 supervised PA studies and 0.522 among 22 unsupervised PA studies. Preliminary moderator analyses suggested that supervised PA interventions may be more effective when they include flexibility/resistance and low-intensity exercise. Unsupervised PA interventions may be more effective when they recommend center-based PA. Methodological moderators (random assignment, control group management) were identified. These findings document that PA interventions reduce depressive symptoms even in adults without clinical depression. Moderator analyses suggest directions for future research as well as practice.

/pdf/depressive-symptom-outcomes-of-physical-activity-qx0j2wrhp4.pdf

Depressive Symptom Outcomes of Physical Activity Interventions: Meta-analysis Findings

Health promotion for educators: impact on absenteeism.

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Health promotion for educators: impact on absenteeism.