http://ssu.ac.ir/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/Mtahghighat/tfood/ARTICLES/meat/Authentication_of_meat_and_meat_products.pdf

Authentication of meat and meat products

Species determination - Can we detect and quantify meat adulteration?

A sandwich ELISA was developed for the detection of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in feed, based on polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against the synthetic N-terminal amino acid sequence 1–9 (YLDHWLGAP) of bovine osteocalcin. To set up a sandwich ELISA pair, a commercial mouse monoclonal capture antibody binding to a highly conserved epitope in the mid-fragment of the peptide was employed. It is shown that the bone marker osteocalcin is immunologically well detectable in BMBM extracts obtained by a simple EDTA-based procedure even in a sample heated up to 145°C. Furthermore, a genus-specific restriction of the major specificity to cattle and horse was possible. The observed bi-specificity is consistent with theoretical predictions. The assay sensitivity with bovine osteocalcin of 1 ng was sufficient to enable the detection of 0.1% BMBM in compound plant feed or fish meal, for which no cross reaction was observed. In general the quantification of osteocalcin in extracts is possible using a standard curve procedure with pure bovine osteocalcin.

/pdf/immunological-detection-of-osteocalcin-in-meat-and-bone-meal-2ebode814r.pdf

Immunological detection of osteocalcin in meat and bone meal: a novel heat stable marker for the investigation of illegal feed adulteration

A novel real-time fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting and discriminating between bovine, ovine, and caprine contaminates in cattle feed was developed that simultaneously performs quality control monitoring on both the DNA extraction process and the level of PCR inhibition in the final DNA extract in a single PCR run. The assay used a single set of primers and two sets of FRET probes targeting the ruminant-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. An internal control PCR reaction targeting a region of the chloroplast RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoβ) gene, which is conserved among plants, was incorporated into the ruminant multiplex PCR reaction in order to both monitor the DNA extraction method and to test for the presence of PCR inhibitors. The detection limit for bovine and ovine contaminates was evaluated over a period of two sets of six trials on 15 different types of cattle feed and feed ingredients spiked with known concentrations of bovine meat and bone meal (BMB...

Development and evaluation of a real-time FRET probe based multiplex PCR assay for the detection of prohibited meat and bone meal in cattle feed and feed ingredients.

Food authentication has become a common concerning issue in food markets as, nowadays, many consumers have to be assured religious authentication in their food choices and also other protection against fraudulent practices in food industries. Muslim community usually is concerned about the halal foodstuffs; food or drink that is permitted for consumption must be confirmed by the Islamic law as revealed in the Quran or the tradition of Prophet Muhammad (hadith). Both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers for halal food are being increased day by day and it has become a powerful market force. At present, halal industry is the fastest growing consumer platforms in the world, estimated to be worth over one trillion dollars. Though halal products are becoming more popular, incorrect certification of halal brand on food products has become a common scenario in food markets. Due to this concern, a lot of research on halal protein-based detection methods has arisen. These detection methods, however, can be used in detection of other forbidden food in other religions too, such as pork that is prohibited in Kosher, or beef that is prohibited in Hinduism or any meats that should not be contained in Vegan diets. The development of sensitive, easy-to-use, and reliable scientific method is a crying need for halal food screening. Researches and innovation may help us to confirm an authentic and consumer reliable food market. Nowadays, some methodologies focusing on molecular biology techniques are being used in different species determinations that are mainly based on the characteristics of DNA or proteins. Although DNA is generally considered to be most appropriate for animal species detection, it still presents numerous drawbacks. Proteins or peptides-based detection systems for food authentication, for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, aptamers, Mass Spectrometry, electric nose chromatography, and electrophoresis have been emerged as reliable and efficient screening methods to ensure that food production is aligned with the halal principles.

Protein-based techniques for halal authentication

Summary

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or ‘mad cow disease’, is one of several transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) known to affect certain mammals and is spread through the ingestion of infected animal tissue. It is believed that the inadvertent contamination of meat and bone meal (MBM) with infected animal tissue and the subsequent use of this material as a feed supplement contributed to the spread of the disease in cattle. As a result, the use of processed animal proteins (PAPs) in animal feeds is regulated in many parts of the world. Although feed testing is the only definitive means to certify compliance, regulatory compliance often relies solely on paper certification. Recently, rapid methods have become available that can be used by regulators to determine compliance during routine inspections. We describe a rapid, immunochromatographic strip test that can detect 0.1% MBM in animal feed. The test takes 15 min to perform and large numbers of samples can be screened for PAPs simultaneously.

Targets and methods for the detection of processed animal proteins in animal feedstuffs.

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Targets and methods for the detection of processed animal proteins in animal feedstuffs.