Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications

The progress on fire sensing technologies has been quite substantial in recent years due to advancements in sensing, information, and communications technologies. In this paper, the authors have discussed the fire sensing technologies and what is essential for the discrepancies in the development of hardware and algorithm. The review presents an overview of the existing state-of-the-art practices in the areas of fire sensing and control system, and it is focused mainly on the excellent capability to detect fire, reduce the detection of false positives, the ability to notify the occupants, passes the information and the status of the fires to the fire department, and the automatic control capability of the occupants’ safety and controlling functions. The major elements of the fire moment, such as surrounding heat, flame, smoke, and gases level, are discussed with their merits, demerits, measurement benchmarks, and measuring the span of the parameters. The reasons and controlling parameters of the fire in commercial and residential buildings are also discussed. Research articles on fire sensing technologies also acknowledged the above concerns. However, the importance of robust systems that address all or most of the above-stated benchmarks still remains a challenge and partially addressed. To address the gaps, a modified fire sensing and control system concept has been proposed.

Fire Sensing Technologies: A Review

Fire is indeed one of the major contributing factors to fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption. A large number of fire incidents across the world cause devastation beyond measure and description every year. To minimalize their impacts, the implementation of innovative and effective fire early warning technologies is essential. Despite the fact that research publications on fire detection technology have addressed the issue to some extent, fire detection technology still confronts hurdles in decreasing false alerts, improving sensitivity and dynamic responsibility, and providing protection for costly and complicated installations. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current futuristic practices in the context of fire detection and monitoring strategies, with an emphasis on the methods of detecting fire through the continuous monitoring of variables, such as temperature, flame, gaseous content, and smoke, along with their respective benefits and drawbacks, measuring standards, and parameter measurement spans. Current research directions and challenges related to the technology of fire detection and future perspectives on fabricating advanced fire sensors are also provided. We hope such a review can provide inspiration for fire sensor research dedicated to the development of advanced fire detection techniques.

/pdf/recent-advances-in-sensors-for-fire-detection-2hd9a92m.pdf

Recent Advances in Sensors for Fire Detection

Internet of Things (IoT) is connecting billions of devices to the Internet. These IoT devices chain sensing, computation, and communication techniques, which facilitates remote data collection and analysis. wireless sensor networks (WSN) connect sensing devices together on a local network, thereby eliminating wires, which generate a large number of samples, creating a big data challenge. This IoT paradigm has gained traction in recent years, yielding extensive research from an increasing variety of perspectives, including scientific reviews. These reviews cover surveys related to IoT vision, enabling technologies, applications, key features, co-word and cluster analysis, and future directions. Nevertheless, we lack an IoT scientometrics review that uses scientific databases to perform a quantitative analysis. This paper develops a scientometric review about IoT over a data set of 19,035 documents published over a period of 15 years (2002–2016) in two main scientific databases (Clarivate Web of Science and Scopus). A Python script called ScientoPy was developed to perform quantitative analysis of this data set. This provides insight into research trends by investigating a lead author’s country affiliation, most published authors, top research applications, communication protocols, software processing, hardware, operating systems, and trending topics. Furthermore, we evaluate the top trending IoT topics and the popular hardware and software platforms that are used to research these trends.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/12/301/pdf

Internet of Things: A Scientometric Review

The detection of ammonia (NH3) in low concentrations is very important in the chemical industry and for human health. In this paper, we present reduced graphene oxide (RGO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a sensing material for NH3. A simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-efficient green approach for the preparation of the sensing material is proposed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to analyze the crystalline structure, material composition, and surface appearance characteristics of the sensing material. By combining the material with a commercial near-field communication (NFC) tag, a wireless gas sensor was built. The enhanced NH3-sensing performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect between Ag and RGO. More specifically, AgNPs enhanced the adsorption capacity of RGO for NH3 electrons. The excellent performance of the sensor shows that it has potential for applications in food safety, environment, and human health monitoring.

/pdf/highly-sensitive-nh-3-wireless-sensor-based-on-ag-rgo-2276u2ssxs.pdf

Highly Sensitive NH 3 Wireless Sensor Based on Ag-RGO Composite Operated at Room-temperature

P(VDF-HFP) polymer is investigated through both theoretical and experimental approaches as a sensing material for capacitive CO2 sensor applications Analysis based on the Clausius–Mossotti model shows that larger CO2 solubility and larger dielectric constant contribute to high CO2 capacitive sensitivity, which shows that P(VDF-HFP) polymer has significantly higher CO2 sensitivity compared with Teflon when they have comparable CO2 solubility, which is supported by subsequent experimental demonstration Cross-sensitivity to humidity and temperature are evaluated and discussed for both P(VDF-HFP) and Teflon polymers Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis further reveals that the electrostatic interaction of P(VDF-HFP) with CO2 is stronger than Teflon The theoretical analyses and experimental demonstration indicate that P(VDF-HFP) is a promising sensing material to be applied for capacitive CO2 sensors operated at room temperature

P(VDF-HFP) Polymer as Sensing Material for Capacitive Carbon Dioxide Sensors

Dielectric nanocomposite comprising P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube and low molecular weight organic (1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, which is stabilised with an acrylate resin, is prepared and used as a sensing layer for capacitive carbon dioxide sensor operated at room temperature. It is found that adding a small amount (0.5 wt%) of P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube in diphenylethylenediamine can dramatically improve the CO2 sensitivity by ∼100 times. The P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube significantly increases the transformation rate of amine to carbamate in CO2 atmosphere as a catalyst for the chemical interactive sensing mechanism. In addition, P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube substantially improves temperature and humidity cross-sensitivities. The results show that the dielectric nanocomposite of diphenylethylenediamine and P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube is promising for capacitive carbon dioxide sensing application with ppm sensitivity at room temperature.

Dielectric nanocomposite of diphenylethylenediamine and P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube for capacitive carbon dioxide sensors

Recent studies have provided coexistence and interaction models between IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 standards. However, the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 devices under WiFi interference are evaluated based on limit parameters i.e. Packet Reception Rate, which does not exhibit the dynamic interactions in the wireless channel. In this paper, we conduct a series of experiments to demonstrate the dynamic interactions between the IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 bgn standards on relevant devices. The performance of four existing Link Quality Estimators (LQEs) of IEEE 802.15.4 nodes under the IEEE 802.11 bgn interference is analyzed. We show that IEEE 802.15.4 transmission failures are largely due to channel access failures rather than corrupted data packets. Based on the analysis, we propose a new LQE - Packet Reception Rate with Clear Channel Assessment - by merging the Clear Channel Assessment count with the Packet Reception Rate. In comparison to existing LQEs, results show that the new estimator distinguishes persistent IEEE 802.11 bgn traffic more robustly.

Dynamic performance of IEEE 802.15.4 devices under persistent WiFi traffic

a series of experiments to demonstrate the dynamic interactions between the IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 bgn standards on relevant devices. The performance of four existing Link Quality Estimators (LQEs) of IEEE 802.15.4 nodes under the IEEE 802.11 bgn interference is analyzed. We show that IEEE 802.15.4 transmission failures are largely due to channel access failures rather than corrupted data packets. Based on the analysis, we propose a new LQE -Packet

Under Persistent WiFi Traffic

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P(VDF-HFP) Polymer as Sensing Material for Capacitive Carbon Dioxide Sensors

Dielectric nanocomposite of diphenylethylenediamine and P-type multi-walled carbon nanotube for capacitive carbon dioxide sensors

Dynamic performance of IEEE 802.15.4 devices under persistent WiFi traffic

Under Persistent WiFi Traffic