Operation of Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities with high loaded quality factors is becoming increasingly preferred for applications which involve low beam loading including Energy Recovery Linacs (ERL). Vibration induced microphonics detuning poses a major operational bottleneck in these low bandwidth systems, adversely affecting field stability. Besides passive measures of mitigating the vibration sources, modern SRF cavities are also attached to fast tuners incorporating piezo-electric actuators. We demonstrate the narrow band active noise control algorithm for realizing active resonance control and propose a modification based on the Least Mean Square approach to adaptively tune the control parameters and study it's stability and performance. We discuss our experience of using passive mitigation techniques while commissioning the Main Linac Cryomodule of the Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator (CBETA) and report a net reduction in peak detuning by more than a factor of 2 in its unstiffened cavities. Finally, we demonstrate stable performance of our resonance control system with consistent reduction of peak microphonics detuning by almost a factor of 2 on multiple cavities.

Active Suppression of Microphonics Detuning in high $Q_L$ Cavities.

In this paper, we investigate the stability of the particle trajectories in Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerators (FFA) in the presence of field errors: The emphasis is on the scaling radial sector FFA type: a collaboration work is on-going in view of better understanding the properties of the 150 MeV scaling FFA at KURRI in Japan, and progress towards high intensity operation. Analysis of certain types of field imperfections revealed some interesting features about this machine that explain some of the experimental results and generalize the concept of a scaling FFA to a non-scaling one for which the tune variations obey a well defined law. A compensation scheme of tune variations in imperfect scaling FFAs is presented. This is the cornerstone of a novel concept of a non-linear non-scaling radial sector fixed tune FFA that we present and discuss in details in the last part of this paper.

Tune compensation in nearly scaling Fixed Field alternating gradient Accelerators

In this paper, we investigate the stability of the particle trajectories in fixed field alternating gradient accelerators (FFAs) in the presence of field errors. The emphasis is on the scaling radial sector FFA type: A collaboration work is ongoing in view of better understanding the properties of the 150 MeV scaling FFA at Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science in Japan and progress toward high-intensity operation. Analysis of certain types of field imperfections revealed some interesting features that required the development of an analytical model based on the scalloping angle of the orbits. This helped explain some of the experimental results as well as generalize the concept of a scaling FFA to a nonscaling one for which the tune variations obey a well-defined law. Based on this, a compensation scheme of tune variations in imperfect scaling FFAs is presented. This is the cornerstone of a novel concept of a fixed tune FFA in which the scaling is not achieved at every azimuthal position of the ring but rather in an average sense.

Tune compensation in nearly scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerators

This paper consists of two main parts regarding coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). The first part extends the CSR theory of two particle interaction from a system of one bending magnet to two bending magnets, where the wake can leak from the first to the second. The new theory agrees well with the established simulation code Bmad. The second part of the paper presents the CSR simulation results on CBETA, the Cornell BNL Energy-Recovery-Linac (ERL) Test Accelerator, in which the magnets are so close to each other and the new extended theory becomes important. CBETA is the first multiturn ERL with superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating cavities and a Fixed Field Alternating gradient (FFA) beamline. Simulations show that CSR causes phase space dilution that becomes more significant as the bunch charge and the number of recirculation passes increase. Potential ways to mitigate the CSR effects, including adding vacuum chamber shielding and increasing bunch length, are being investigated.

https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.054404

Coherent synchrotron radiation wake expressions with two bending magnets and simulation results for a multiturn energy-recovery linac

CBETA - Cornell University Brookhaven National Laboratory Electron Energy Recovery Test Accelerator

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CBETA - Cornell University Brookhaven National Laboratory Electron Energy Recovery Test Accelerator