Background Systematic reviews have confirmed the effectiveness of work-related rehabilitation with significant cognitive-behavioural components for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In Germany, however, work-related rehabilitation focuses mainly on functional capacity training and less on psychosocial work demands. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of multimodal work hardening (MWH) with a cognitive-behavioural approach. Methods Patients with MSDs resulting in severe restriction of work ability were randomly assigned to treatment by either MWH or conventional musculoskeletal rehabilitation (controls). The primary outcome was work status. The work status at 6 months of follow-up was defined as positive if the patient was working and had ≤ 6 weeks of sick leave, and that at 12 months was defined as positive if the patient was working and had ≤12 weeks of sick leave. Follow-up data were collected by postal questionnaires. Results 236 patients consented to participate. Follow-up data were obtained from 169 (71.6%) participants at 6 months and 146 (61.9%) participants at 12 months. At 6 months, participants in the MWH group had a 2.4 times higher chance of a positive work status than the controls (OR=2.363; 95% CI: 1.266 to 4.410; p=0.007). At 12 months, the chances of a positive work status were still higher, but this difference was not statistically significant (OR=1.914; 95% CI: 0.849 to 4.317; p=0.118). Significance of the interaction term of treatment and time indicated more favourable outcomes for depression and anxiety, mental and physical health-related quality of life, and pain management in the MWH group. Conclusions MWH improves health-related quality of life and is able to enhance the mid-term chances of work-life participation.

Work status and health-related quality of life following multimodal work hardening: a cluster randomised trial.

Studies have shown that parents of children with autism spectrum disorders experience stress in parenting their children (e.g. Anyanwu et al. in Glob J Health Sci 11(8):51–60, 2019; Ayers in Self-care: why parents of children with disabilities must nurture themselves, 2012. http://www.disaboom.com/childrewithdisabilities
 ; Bonis in Issues Mental Health Nurs 37:153–163, 2016). The current study examined the effect of rational emotive family health therapy (REFHT) on parenting stress in families of children with autism spectrum disorders. A total of 128 participants allocated randomly to the intervention group and no-contact control group served as participants in this study. A 12-week REFHT programme that focused on reducing parenting stress was delivered to the intervention group by the therapists. Data analyses were completed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results revealed no significant difference between the participants in the treatment group and no-contact control group at the initial evaluation. We found significant improvement in the management of parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders after exposure to REFHT and at follow-up. Therefore, we concluded that rational emotive family health therapy has beneficial and sustained effects in improving the management of parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Rational Emotive Family Health Therapy for Reducing Parenting Stress in Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Group Randomized Control Study

Objective: To investigate the relation between irrational schematic beliefs and psychological distress in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Cross-sectional mail survey. Participants: One hundred sixteen caregivers of persons with TBI living in the Australian states of Victoria and Queensland who were members of community support groups and brain injury associations. Measures: The Irrational Beliefs Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory, income satisfaction, degree of personality and behavior change in the TBI individual, and injury severity. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that after controlling for the effects of characteristics of the caregiving situation and the individual with TBI, greater adherence to irrational beliefs was related to higher levels of global psychological distress. Specifically, irrational beliefs related to Worrying were associated with all areas of psychological distress. Conclusion: Results support the cognitive theory proposal that irrational beliefs play an important role in the adaptation to TBI caregiving. Findings suggest the inclusion of cognitive therapy strategies in interventions for caregivers.

Irrational schematic beliefs and psychological distress in caregivers of people with traumatic brain injury.

Parents of children with disabilities are likely to experience more stress than parents of normal children. This study assessed the effectiveness of a Rational-Emotive Parent Education Program (REPE) in reducing parental stress. The REPE program focused only on core irrationalities to determine the efficacy of elegant disputation. Mothers of young children attending an early intervention centre for Down syndrome were randomly allocated to three groups, experimental, REPE, n = 21; a comparative-treatment control, Applied Behaviour Analysis, (ABA) n = 17; and a no-treatment control, n = 16. A pretest post-test design was used with there being eight seminars of both the REPE and ABA programs. On both the Profile of Mood States and the Parenting Stress Index (Parent Domain) totals the REPE group showed significant reductions in stress compared with both control groups. The results from some subscales and single items suggested that the early intervention centre program also reduced stress. The REPE program using elegant disputation reduced parental stress.

The Effect of Rational-Emotive Parent Education on the Stress of Mothers of Young Children with Down Syndrome

Background Difficulties in emotion regulation are common in adolescence and are associated with poor social and mental health outcomes. However, psychological therapies that promote adaptive emotion regulation may be inaccessible and unattractive to youth. Digital interventions may help address this need. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence on the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of emotion regulation digital interventions in children and early adolescents aged 8 to 14 years. Methods Systematic searches of Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Centre, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore up to July 2020 identified 39 studies, of which 11 (28%) were included in the meta-analyses (n=2476 participants). A bespoke tool was used to assess risk of bias. Results The studies evaluated digital games (27/39, 69%), biofeedback (4/39, 10%), virtual or augmented reality (4/39, 10%), and program or multimedia (4/39, 10%) digital interventions in samples classified as diagnosed, at risk, healthy, and universal. The most consistent evidence came from digital games, which reduced negative emotional experience with a small significant effect, largely in youth at risk of anxiety (Hedges g=–0.19, 95% CI –0.34 to –0.04). In general, digital interventions tended to improve emotion regulation, but this effect was not significant (Hedges g=0.19, 95% CI –0.16 to 0.54). Conclusions Most feasibility issues were identified in diagnosed youth, and acceptability was generally high across intervention types and samples. Although there is cause to be optimistic about digital interventions supporting the difficulties that youth experience in emotion regulation, the predominance of early-stage development studies highlights the need for more work in this area.

Digital Interventions for Emotion Regulation in Children and Early Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rational emotive behaviour therapists view stress-related disorders as originating in irrational beliefs (iB's), philosophies and attitudes, as opposed to the stressor. People who suffer from stress differ from people who suffer from emotional or neurotic problems mainly in that the stressed people have iB's about specific, short-term or more readily identifiable events, as opposed to the more mundane and diffuse difficulties suffered by the neurotic individual. Both the conscious and unconscious antecedents to stress difficulties and how they relate to distorted thinking and psychophysiological disorders are discussed from an information-processing perspective. Rational emotive behaviour treatments for stress-related disorders are detailed and explained.

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Rational emotive behaviour therapy in the treatment of stress

Think Before You Eat The Art & Science of Rational Eating: The Sensible, Sure-fire Way to Lose Unwanted Pounds Starting Today! Albert Ellis, Michael Abrams, and Lidia Dengelegi. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 1992, 343 pp. $14.95 (softcover). I was very interested in this book when I ordered it through the book store at the University I attend. I was quite certain that this was not simply another "how to book." I thought this was one with a definite message that would yield tremendous results. After all, the title states "the sensible, sure-fire way to lose unwanted pounds "I checked the Heritage dictionary for the meaning of "sure-fire": "informal, bound to be successful or perform as expected." In other words, according to the title, someone who wanted to lose unwanted pounds would be successful if he/she followed the information revealed in this book. Readers of this book who are interested in a "sure-fire" method of losing weight may find that this book falls somewhat short of its stated purpose. In my view, a "how to" book is suppose to reveal step by step methods. A great deal of time and space in this book, however, is spent on information surrounding the problem of obesity rather than methods of overcoming the problem. For example, the authors provide a lot of background information about weight, including information about "Society's Views of Fat People," "Origins of Appetite...," "Emotions and Eating," "Eating Disorders...," and, "What Weight is Beautiful." Given that this book is over 300 pages long, the reader has to be quite patient to get through approximately 100 plus pages before getting precise information about how to lose weight. Throughout the book the authors use case studies to emphasize their points, which is beneficial to the reader. Many people who struggle with their weight and dieting feel that they are alone in their suffering. Case studies help the readers to identify themselves and their problems in others. Even though readers often like and appreciate case studies, more precise and detailed information regarding how the clients worked towards accepting and or reducing their weight may have been even more effective. For instance, the following information pertains to the case of Rhonda: Rhonda agreed with most of her friends and relatives that her weighing thirty-five pounds "too much" resulted from her diet and poor eating habits. But when she went to a series of weight reduction seminars at the Institute for Rational Emotive Therapy in New York, she realized that she and almost all her close female relatives had fairly high setpoints and that even fairly good eating habits would practically never keep her or them ideally thin. …

The Art & Science of Rational Eating: The Sensible, Sure-fire Way to Lose Unwanted Pounds Starting Today!

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Rational emotive behaviour therapy in the treatment of stress

The Art & Science of Rational Eating: The Sensible, Sure-fire Way to Lose Unwanted Pounds Starting Today!