Phthalates' exposure leads to an increasing concern on cardiovascular health.

Human hair as a noninvasive matrix to assess exposure to micro-organic contaminants: State of the art review.

Increasing evidences have revealed a close relationship between various environmental exposures and reproductive health. The real-world complex exposure scenario along with intricate interactions effects of these exposures has high demands of exposome-wide association studies for human risk assessment. With the development of exposomic studies, applying hair exposome to link environmental factors and reproductive health outcomes has obvious potential advantages. However, the reliability of utilizing hair to characterize exposome is always of high concern for researchers. In this review, we briefly summarized studies about the effects of environmental exposures on several typical reproductive health outcomes, described state-of-the-art situation of applying hair exposome for reproductive health risk assessment, elucidated the advantages (e.g., containing abundant exposure factors, low expenses for sampling, and tracing exposure history), and proposed the unsolved issues in this area. We also conducted a comprehensive discussion about the reliability of various hair biomarkers and primarily established the biomarker databases. Finally, a standardized framework on using hair exposome for reproductive health study was proposed to provide fundamental approach for future studies. We concluded that it is promising to apply hair exposome to evaluate the effects of the environmental factors on human reproductive health. 

Applying Hair Exposome for Linking Environmental Exposure to Reproductive Health: A Comprehensive Review and Research Perspective

Phytoremediation: Harnessing plant power and innovative technologies for effective soil remediation

Recent years have seen growing interest in hair sample analysis to detect organic pollutants (OPs). This biological matrix can be analysed non-invasively for biomonitoring of OPs over a wide exposure window. Obtaining hair sample amounts that meet the needs of the analytical methodology required for the determination of the POs of interest can be challenging, especially in infants. As a result, studies assessing organic pollutants in infant hair have been very scarce. We quantified levels of about 60 OPs, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in 110 hair samples from a patient cohort (60 mothers and 50 infants) from Santiago de Compostela (north-western Spain). For each participant we examined relationship between OP levels and corresponding epidemiological parameters using correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis, and Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). For many OPs we observed significant correlations with place of residence, parity, and maternal age, as well as pet ownership. Evaluation of dietary habits showed significant associations between levels some OPs and the consumption of fish, molluscs, and cereal. There were significant associations between chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin levels and infant birth characteristics such as birthweight and head circumference. Relations between OP levels in the hair of mothers and their infants were also examined, revealing common sources of exposure for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs), non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDLPCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Levels of fluoranthene (F), pyrene (P), endrin, and some PBDEs in maternal hair were significantly correlated with those in infant hair. Our findings identified common sources of exposure to OPs of distinct chemical classes. 

Non-invasive biomonitoring of infant exposure to environmental organic pollutants in north-western Spain based on hair analysis. Identification of potential sources.

Fetal exposure to organic contaminants revealed by infant hair: A preliminary study in south China.

Chemicals are widely used and released into the environment, and their degradation, accumulation, migration, and transformation processes in the environment can pose a threat to the ecosystem. The advancement in analytical methods with high-throughput screening of biomolecules has revolutionized the way toxicologists used to explore the effects of chemicals on organisms. CRISPR/Cas is a newly developed tool, widely used in the exploration of basic science and biologically engineered products given its high efficiency and low cost. For example, it can edit target genes efficiently, and save loss of the crop yield caused by environmental pollution as well as gain a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms from various chemicals. This review briefly introduces the development history of CRISPR/Cas and summarizes the current application of CRISPR/Cas in ecotoxicology, including its application on improving crop yield and drug resistance towards agricultural pollution, antibiotic pollution and other threats. The benefits by applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in conventional toxicity mechanism studies are fully demonstrated here together with its foreseeable expansions in other area of ecotoxicology. Finally, the prospects and disadvantages of CRISPR/Cas system in the field of ecotoxicology are also discussed. 

Application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in ecotoxicology.

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Fetal exposure to organic contaminants revealed by infant hair: A preliminary study in south China.

Application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in ecotoxicology.