Displays and indicators are an integral component of everyday electronics. However, the short lifecycle of most applications is currently contributing to the unsustainable growth of electronic waste. In this work, we utilize ecofriendly materials in combination with sustainable processing techniques to fabricate inkjet-printed, ecofriendly dual-mode displays (DMDs). These displays can be used in a reflective mode or an emissive mode by changing between DC and AC operation due to the combination of an electrochromic (EC) and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) layer in a single device. The EC polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) serves as the reflective layer, while an ECL gel made of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis(oxalato)borate (BMIMBOB), and tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru2+(bpy)3Cl2) enables the emissive mode. The final dual-mode devices exhibited their maximum optical power output of 52 mcd/m2 at 4 V and 40 Hz and achieved an EC contrast of 45% and a coloration efficiency of 244 cm2/C at a wavelength of 690 nm. The fabricated devices showed clear readability in dark and light conditions when operated in reflective or emissive modes. This work demonstrates the applicability of ecofriendly and potentially biodegradable materials to reduce the amount of hazardous components in versatile display technologies.

Inkjet-Printed Dual-Mode Electrochromic and Electroluminescent Displays Incorporating Ecofriendly Materials.

Three-color electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have the advantages of multi-color display and low power consumption. However, their red particles have the disadvantage of long response time. In this paper, a driving waveform, which is based on electrophoresis theory and reference gray scale optimization, was proposed to shorten the response time of red particles in three-color EPDs. The driving waveform was composed of erasing stage, reference gray scale forming stage, red driving stage, and white or black driving stage. Firstly, the characteristics of particle motion were analyzed by electrophoresis theory and Stokes law. Secondly, the reference gray scale of the driving waveform was optimized to shorten the distance between red particles and a common electrode plate. Finally, an experimental platform was developed to test the performance of the driving waveform. Experimental results showed that the proposed driving waveform can shorten the response time of red particles by 65.57% and reduce the number of flickers by 66.67% compared with the traditional driving waveform.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/5/578/pdf

Design of Driving Waveform for Shortening Red Particles Response Time in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays.

Three-color electrophoretic displays (EPDs) are a new type of optoelectronic display device. However, they have the defect of red ghost images during gray scale transformation, which affects the accuracy of the gray scale display. In this paper, we proposed a new driving method for eliminating the red ghost images. A driving waveform was composed of an erasing stage, an activation stage, and a driving stage. First, the erasing stage was subdivided into a red erasing stage and an original erasing stage, the red erasing stage was used to eliminate residual red particles in the top of the microcapsules. Then, a high-frequency square wave was used as the activation stage for increasing the activity of the black and white particles. Meanwhile, the intensity of flickers could be decreased by the high-frequency square wave. Finally, the performance of the driving waveform was tested by a colorimeter. The experimental results showed that the driving waveform could effectively eliminate red ghost images by 80.43% and reduce the flicker intensity by 79.63%, compared with an existing driving waveform.

/pdf/red-ghost-image-elimination-method-based-on-driving-waveform-3ta9u3n2.pdf

Red Ghost Image Elimination Method Based on Driving Waveform Design in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays

Particle Synthesis Based on the Concerted Effect of Mixed Acid-Base Functional Groups for Electrophoretic Display

This paper summed up the accelerated ageing life models in common use, and, by studying the homologous principles, advanced appropriate hygrothermal ageing life model corresponding to the abating mechanism of SRM adhesive joint in hygrothermal environment. The model can be used as a theoretic gist in studying the hygrothermal environment adaptability of SRM adhint

Research to the hygrothermal ageing characteristic of solid rocket motor (SRM) adhint

Dual-mode chromatic electrophoretic display: A prospective technology based on fluorescent electrophoretic particles

Lifetime prediction model of electrophoretic display based on high temperature and high humidity test

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Dual-mode chromatic electrophoretic display: A prospective technology based on fluorescent electrophoretic particles

Lifetime prediction model of electrophoretic display based on high temperature and high humidity test