Intelligent food packaging system exhibits enhanced communication function by providing dynamic product information to various stakeholders (e.g., consumers, retailers, distributors) in the supply chain. One example of intelligent packaging involves the use of colorimetric indicators, which when subjected to external stimuli (e.g., moisture, gas/vapor, electromagnetic radiation, temperature), display discernable color changes that can be correlated with real-time changes in product quality. This type of interactive packaging system allows continuous monitoring of product freshness during transportation, distribution, storage, and marketing phases. This review summarizes the colorimetric indicator technologies for intelligent packaging systems, emphasizing on the types of indicator dyes, preparation methods, applications in different food products, and future considerations. Both food and nonfood indicator materials integrated into various carriers (e.g., paper-based substrates, polymer films, electrospun fibers, and nanoparticles) with material properties optimized for specific applications are discussed, targeting perishable products, such as fresh meat and fishery products. Colorimetric indicators can supplement the traditional "Best Before" date label by providing real-time product quality information to the consumers and retailers, thereby not only ensuring product safety, but also promising in reducing food waste. Successful scale-up of these intelligent packaging technologies to the industrial level must consider issues related to regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and product compatibility.

A review on colorimetric indicators for monitoring product freshness in intelligent food packaging: Indicator dyes, preparation methods, and applications.

A colorimetric film based on polyvinyl alcohol/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose incorporated with red cabbage anthocyanin for monitoring pork freshness

Natural anthocyanins: Sources, extraction, characterization, and suitability for smart packaging

Anthocyanins are excellent antioxidant/antimicrobial agents as well as pH-sensitive indicators that provide new prospects to foster innovative smart packaging systems due to their ability to improve food shelf life and detect physicochemical and biological changes in packaged food. Compared with anthocyanins from other natural sources, red cabbage anthocyanins (RCAs) are of great interest in food packaging because they represent an acceptable color spectrum over a broad range of pH values. The current review addressed the recent advances in the application of RCAs in smart bio-based food packaging systems and sensors. This review was prepared based on the scientific reports found on Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from February 2000 to February 2022. The studies showed that the incorporation of RCAs in different biopolymeric films could affect their physical, mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. Moreover, the use of RCAs as colorimetric pH-responsive agents can reliably monitor the qualitative properties of the packaged food products in a real-time assessment. Therefore, the development of smart biodegradable films using RCAs is a promising approach to the prospect of food packaging.

/pdf/application-of-red-cabbage-anthocyanins-as-ph-sensitive-2z9yef0i.pdf

Application of Red Cabbage Anthocyanins as pH-Sensitive Pigments in Smart Food Packaging and Sensors

Two colorimetric films based on chitin whiskers and sodium alginate/gelatin incorporated with anthocyanins for monitoring food freshness

The rapid development of cold-chain transportation necessitates consumers to present high requirements on safety and freshness of fresh food in recent years. The quality and taste of fresh food can be monitored and controlled through the intelligent packaging technologies and new food\n packaging materials such as time-temperature indicators (TTIs), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), biological composites and polymer nanocomposites. Based on different packaging materials, indicators and sensors are employed in food packaging for real-time detection of information about\n freshness, temperature, microbiological, and shelf life of products in the supply chain. Wide varieties of packaging materials are suitable for providing intelligent and smart properties for food packaging, such as oxygen scavenging capability, antimicrobial activity, and recording the thermal\n history. Due to the special properties of prepared materials, TTIs are used to point out the remaining shelf life of perishable products throughout the supply chain. Compared with others, they have the advantages of low cost, small size and convenient indication. Additionally, the TTIs can\n effectively solve food quality and safety problems caused by temperature fluctuation in supply chain. Since the irreversible color change of TTIs, the food safety situation would be shown intuitively. Currently, the TTIs were widely used in application of food packaging by providing safety\n information. However, the application is also accompanied with some deficiencies such as the accuracy of monitoring, migration of toxic substances, stability and expensive cost etc. This review will deeply discuss the preparation of various types of TTIs based on different package indicating\n materials with a particular emphasis on how to improve their accuracy and stability, control the migration of toxic substances and to develop new TTIs.

Research progress of packaging indicating materials for real-time monitoring of food quality

The invention relates to the field of unlocking anti-counterfeiting technology, and discloses a method of grating anti-counterfeiting unlocking without the need for an appearing layer and a device thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, enabling a password layer of specific implicit information to be carried on a product; S2, converting an image of the password layer and net dot information into digital image information; S3, processing the digital image information; S4, unlocking the processed digital image information through a digital display screen, and displaying implicit information obtained by unlocking; and S5, carrying out comparison with implicit information of design time for authenticity verification on the implicit information obtained by unlocking. According tothe method, an unlocking function is realized through a color optical-filter array on the digital display screen, and traditional unlocking slices are omitted; and the password layer image is shot through a camera, unlocking is carried out by the digital display screen after image processing, the implicit information is displayed, operability of unlocking anti-counterfeiting technology is greatlyimproved, and unlocking anti-counterfeiting operations are enabled to be more convenient, faster and more reliable.

Method of grating anti-counterfeiting unlocking without need for appearing layer and device thereof

The invention discloses a lattice point paralleling-based colorless-fluorescent halftone color image screening method and device. The method comprises the following steps: forming a threshold value matrix for amplitude modulation screening of lattice point paralleling by regularly triangular lattice points, and performing amplitude modulation screening on three color separation films R, G and B ofa color image by using the threshold value matrix to enable the color separation films to form a halftone image. The device comprises a matrix module for forming the threshold value matrix for amplitude modulation screening of lattice point paralleling by the regularly triangular lattice points. According to a regularly triangular lattice point paralleling amplitude modulation screening method provided by the invention, a colorless-fluorescent halftone color image shows a good order modulation effect, so that the order regulation hierarchy of the image can be well displayed, and the reproduction performance is high; and the problems in realizing of the colorless-fluorescent color image in the prior art are solved.

Lattice point paralleling-based colorless-fluorescent halftone color image screening method and device

Fake and inferior products appear frequently in the market, seriously disturbing the normal social and economic order. In order to make the invisible anti-counterfeiting technology has more convenient and effective anti-counterfeiting effect, using the retro-reflection properties of glass micro-beads, prepared a kind of photographic reflective ink, and initially used in screen printing. The photographic reflective ink is prepared by using water and ethanol as solvent, waterborne polyurethane as binder, glass micro-beads as light reflection material, adding dispersant, anti-settle agent and other additives. The printed is usually invisible, and visible in the mobile phone by flash photography, possess the characteristics of photographic reflection. The photographic reflective ink could be used as anti-counterfeiting printing ink to meet various anti-counterfeiting requirements.

Preparation and Application of Photographic Reflective Ink

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