The use of diazonium salts for aryl radical generation and C-H arylation processes has been known since 1896 when Pschorr first used the reaction for intramolecular cyclizations. Meerwein developed it further in the early 1900s into a general arylation method. However, this reaction could not compete with the transition-metal-mediated formation of C(sp2) -C(sp2) bonds. The replacement of the copper catalyst with iron and titanium compounds improved the situation, but the use of photocatalysis to induce the one-electron reduction and activation of the diazonium salts is even more advantageous. The first photocatalyzed Pschorr cyclization was published in 1984, and just last year a series of papers described applications of photocatalytic Meerwein arylations leading to aryl-alkene coupling products. In this Minireview we summarize the origins of this reaction and its scope and applications.

http://www.chtf.stuba.sk/~szolcsanyi/education/files/Organicka%20chemia%20II/Prednaska%202_Aminy_Reakcie/Doplnkove%20studijne%20materialy/Diazonium%20salts/The%20Photocatalyzed%20Meerwein%20Arylation.pdf

The Photocatalyzed Meerwein Arylation: Classic Reaction of Aryl Diazonium Salts in a New Light

The use of diazonium salts for aryl radical generation and C-H arylation processes has been known since 1896 when Pschorr first used the reaction for intramolecular cyclizations. Meerwein developed it further in the early 1900s into a general arylation method. However, this reaction could not compete with the transition-metal-mediated formation of C(sp(2))-C(sp(2)) bonds. The replacement of the copper catalyst with iron and titanium compounds improved the situation, but the use of photocatalysis to induce the one-electron reduction and activation of the diazonium salts is even more advantageous. The first photocatalyzed Pschorr cyclization was published in 1984, and just last year a series of papers described applications of photocatalytic Meerwein arylations leading to aryl-alkene coupling products. In this Minireview we summarize the origins of this reaction and its scope and applications.

The Photocatalyzed Meerwein Arylation: Classic Reaction of Aryl Diazonium Salts in a New Light.

Advances on the use of diazonium chemistry for functionalization of materials used in energy storage systems

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/10/1/4/pdf

Grafting of Diazonium Salts on Surfaces: Application to Biosensors.

Aryldiazonium salts as coupling agents for surface chemistry have evidenced their wide applications for the development of sensors. Combined with advances in nanomaterials, current trends in sensor science and a variety of particular advantages of aryldiazonium salt chemistry in sensing have driven the aryldiazonium salt-based sensing strategies to grow at an astonishing pace. This review focuses on the advances in the use of aryldiazonium salts for modifying interfaces in sensors and biosensors during the past decade. It will first summarize the current methods for modification of interfaces with aryldiazonium salts, and then discuss the sensing applications of aryldiazonium salts modified on different transducers (bulky solid electrodes, nanomaterials modified bulky solid electrodes, and nanoparticles). Finally, the challenges and perspectives that aryldiazonium salt chemistry is facing in sensing applications are critically discussed.

Advances on Aryldiazonium Salt Chemistry Based Interfacial Fabrication for Sensing Applications

Visible irradiation of a gold surface dipped into a solution of diversely substituted aryldiazonium salts in the presence of a photosensitizer (Ru(bipy)32+ or eosinY) leads to a modification of the surface by attached aryl groups. A grafted nanometer thick polyphenylene film is obtained. The reaction is extended to a polyvinylchloride (PVC) surface. The mechanism proposed for the formation of this film involves the formation of an aryl radical that reacts with the surface and then with the first grafted aryl group. The film is characterized by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angles, and ellipsometry.

Sensitized Photografting of Diazonium Salts by Visible Light.

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Sensitized Photografting of Diazonium Salts by Visible Light.