Over the last 15 years Runtime Verification (RV) has grown into a diverse and active field, which has stimulated the development of numerous theoretical frameworks and tools. Many of the tools are at first sight very different and challenging to compare. Yet, there are similarities. In this work, we classify RV tools within a high-level taxonomy of concepts. We first present this taxonomy and discuss the different dimensions. Then, we survey RV tools and classify them according to the taxonomy. This paper constitutes a snapshot of the current state of the art and enables a comparison of existing tools.

/pdf/a-taxonomy-for-classifying-runtime-verification-tools-3p8nwj60vv.pdf

A Taxonomy for Classifying Runtime Verification Tools

We present Solythesis, a source to source Solidity compiler which takes a smart contract code and a user specified invariant as the input and produces an instrumented contract that rejects all transactions that violate the invariant. The design of Solythesis is driven by our observation that the consensus protocol and the storage layer are the primary and the secondary performance bottlenecks of Ethereum, respectively. Solythesis operates with our novel delta update and delta check techniques to minimize the overhead caused by the instrumented storage access statements. Our experimental results validate our hypothesis that the overhead of runtime validation, which is often too expensive for other domains, is in fact negligible for smart contracts. The CPU overhead of Solythesis is only 0.1% on average for our 23 benchmark contracts.

Securing smart contract with runtime validation

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) are rapidly developing, with increasing scale, complexity, and heterogeneity. However, testing CPSs systematically to ensure that they operate with high reliability remains a big challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize existing works and technologies systematically, with the aim of inspiring new inventions for more efficient CPS testing. Accordingly, this paper first investigated the advances in CPS testing methods from ten aspects, including different testing paradigms, technologies, and some non-functional testing methods (including security testing, robust testing, and fragility testing). Then, we further elaborate on the infrastructures of CPS testbeds from the perspectives of their architecture and the corresponding function analyses. Finally, challenges and future research directions are identified and discussed. It can be concluded that future CPS testing should focus more on the combination of different paradigms and technologies for multi-objective by integrating more emerging cutting-edge technologies such as Internet of things, big data, cloud computing, and AI.

Review on Testing of Cyber Physical Systems: Methods and Testbeds

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a first-order temporal logic, LTLFO, and a corresponding monitor construction based on a new type of automaton, called spawning automaton.

From Propositional to First-Order Monitoring

We report on the process of organizing the First International Competition on Software for Runtime Verification (CSRV). The report describes the format, participating teams and evaluation process. The competition was held as a satellite event of the 14th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV’14). The Competition was organized in three tracks: offline monitoring, online monitoring of C programs, and online monitoring of Java programs.

/pdf/first-international-competition-on-software-for-runtime-ywls5y0vt1.pdf

First International Competition on Software for Runtime Verification

JavaMOP: Efficient parametric runtime monitoring framework

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JavaMOP: Efficient parametric runtime monitoring framework