Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS) The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS T his paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols F inally the paper concludes by a tabular comparison of the various routing protocols for VANET

pdf/a-comparative-study-of-various-routing-protocols-in-vanet-17eubtdr5w.pdf

A Comparative Study of Various Routing Protocols in VANET

Gone are the days when cloud providers were attacked by flash crowds causing a DoS or malware running on a very large number of servers creating a DDoS. As the number of IoT devices connected to the Internet steadily increases, the cloud faces threats of flash crowds of IoT botnets controlled by malware such as Mirai, Bashlite and cryptojacking. In this paper, we propose and implement an adaptive filter that curtails DDoS attacks from a variety of compromised IoT bots. Experiments conclude that detection of IoT Botnets can be achieved with an accuracy rate of 99.69% and the detection of cryptojacking with a misclassification rate of 1.5%. The performance of the proposed adaptive filter is tested using the Amazon public cloud platform, and the results show that the adaptive filter can significantly reduce illegitimate botnet requests from variants such as FBOT, ARIS, EXIENDO and APEP and can reduce the instances processing time by 19%, connection time by 34% and the waiting time by 18%.

Detecting and confronting flash attacks from IoT botnets

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs. In this chapter, we mainly survey new routing results in VANET. The authors introduce unicast protocol, multicast protocol, geocast protocol, mobicast protocol, and broadcast protocol. It is observed that carry-and-forward is the new and key consideration for designing all routing protocols in VANETs. With the consideration of multi-hop forwarding and carryand-forward techniques, min-delay and delay-bounded routing protocols for VANETs are discussed in VANETs. Besides, the temporary network fragmentation problem and the broadcast storm problem are further considered for designing routing protocols in VANETs. The temporary network fragmentation problem caused by rapidly changeable topology influence on the performance of data transmissions. The broadcast storm problem seriously affects the successful rate of message delivery in VANETs. The key challenge is to overcome these problems to provide routing protocols with the low communication delay, the low communication overhead, and the low time complexity.

Routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks

Content delivery networks play a crucial role in today’s Internet. They serve a large portion of the multimedia on the Internet and solve problems of scalability and indirectly network congestion (at a price). However, most content delivery networks rely on a statically deployed configuration of nodes and network topology that makes it hard to grow and scale dynamically. We present ActiveCDN, a novel CDN architecture that allows a content publisher to dynamically scale their content delivery services using network virtualization and cloud computing techniques.

/pdf/activecdn-cloud-computing-meets-content-delivery-networks-3716voi7p1.pdf

ActiveCDN: Cloud Computing Meets Content Delivery Networks

Content Delivery Networks have gained a popular role among application service providers (ASPs) and infrastructural companies A CDN is an overlay network that gives more control of asset delivery by strategically placing servers closer to the end-user, reducing response time and network congestion Many strategies have been proposed to deal with aspects inherent to the CDN distribution model Though mostly very effective, a traditional CDN approach of statically positioned elements often fails to meet quality of experience (QoE) requirements when network conditions suddenly change In this paper, we introduce the idea of CDN virtualization The goal is to allow programmatically modification in CDN infrastructure designed for video distribution, adapting it to new operating conditions We developed a complete simulator focused on CDN overlay network characteristics where we implemented several approaches for each of the CDN elements Our results show a decrease of 20% in startup delay and network usage

/pdf/a-case-for-virtualization-of-content-delivery-networks-1vgua3vz7u.pdf

A case for virtualization of content delivery networks

With the rapid spread of information and ubiquitous access of browsers, flash crowds, a sudden, unanticipated surge in the volume of request rates, have become the bane of many Internet websites. This paper models and presents FCAN, an adaptive network that dynamically optimizes the system structure between peer-to-peer (P2P) and client-server (C/S) configurations to alleviate flash crowds effect. FCAN constructs P2P overlay on cache proxy server layer to distribute the flash traffic from origin server. It uses policy-configured DNS redirection to route the client requests in balance, and adopts strategy load detection to monitor and react the load changes. Our preliminary simulation results showed that the system is overall well behaved, which validates the correctness of our design.

FCAN: Flash Crowds Alleviation Network Using Adaptive P2P Overlay of Cache Proxies

In ad-hoc networks, routing is one of the most important issues, and various protocols are proposed. However, as situations and topologies of an ad-hoc network are various and dynamic, it is difficult for a single fixed protocol to perform well for all occasions. Therefore, some dynamic and adaptive mechanism in routing protocols is necessary. In this paper, we propose an adaptive routing system for ad-hoc networks. This system begins in the same manner as a reactive protocol, and when the network situation gets unsuitable for the protocol, the system changes its manner of routing with a router-node, or a pseudo cluster-head in Cluster-based Routing, which emerges autonomously at the place of 'hot spots' in the network. Also, this system provides a protocol to organise a group around each router, or a pseudo cluster, in an autonomous decentralised manner, so that the whole network is organised in a hierarchy of routercentric subnets. This paper presents the principle and design of our system, and some preliminary experiment results.

Adaptive router promotion and group forming in ad-hoc networks

The Flash crowds are rapid increase in access to contents of web sites, which makes the web sites inaccessible, leaving the clients with unsatisfied requests. The major shortcoming of flash crowds researches is that they do not assist vital resizing feature of a cloud of the surrogates; the surrogates involved in the alleviation process do not change from the start to the end of flash crowds. Our system, FCAN (Flash Crowds Alleviation Network) is a system to provide resources to web sites to overcome flash crowds. A main feature of FCAN is its dynamically resizing feature, which can adapt to request load of flash crowds by enlarging or shrinking a cloud of surrogate servers used by the web sites. In this paper, we present a new feature of FCAN to support multiple servers which experience different flash crowds simultaneously, and show experiment results with real web log data provided by Live Eclipse 2006.

/pdf/autonomic-multi-server-distribution-in-flash-crowds-17du47zoto.pdf

Autonomic multi-server distribution in flash crowds alleviation network

Given the increase in frequency and overall unpredictability, flash crowds have been the bane on internet website. This paper introduces FCAN, a flexibly adaptive network built on cache proxy server layer, transiting architecture between C/S and P2P mode according to the real-time network traffics, as a possible approach to address the flash crowds. The paper concludes the characteristics of flash crowds, describes the design idea and overviews its implementation issues.

/pdf/flash-crowds-alleviation-via-dynamic-adaptive-network-2r5quxhh6j.pdf

Flash crowds alleviation via dynamic adaptive network

L-043 Simulation of Adaptive Network against Flash Crowds

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