The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ev...

Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes

Recent developments and applications of protective silicone coatings: A review of PDMS functional materials

Surface modification and endothelialization of vascular biomaterials are common approaches that are used to both resist the nonspecific adhesion of proteins and improve the hemocompatibility and long-term patency of artificial vascular grafts. Surface modification of vascular grafts using hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol), zwitterionic polymers, heparin or other bioactive molecules can efficiently enhance hemocompatibility, and consequently prevent thrombosis on artificial vascular grafts. However, these modified surfaces may be excessively hydrophilic, which limits initial vascular endothelial cell adhesion and formation of a confluent endothelial lining. Therefore, the improvement of endothelialization on these grafts by chemical modification with specific peptides and genes is now arousing more and more interest. Several active peptides, such as RGD, CAG, REDV and YIGSR, can be specifically recognized by endothelial cells. Consequently, graft surfaces that are modified by these peptides can exhibit targeting selectivity for the adhesion of endothelial cells, and genes can be delivered by targeting carriers to specific tissues to enhance the promotion and regeneration of blood vessels. These methods could effectively accelerate selective endothelial cell recruitment and functional endothelialization. In this review, recent developments in the surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering are summarized. Both gene engineering and targeting ligand immobilization are promising methods to improve the clinical outcome of artificial vascular grafts.

/pdf/surface-modification-and-endothelialization-of-biomaterials-2qttnssa4b.pdf

Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications

The structures and synthesis of polyzwitterions ("polybetaines") are reviewed, emphasizing the literature of the past decade. Particular attention is given to the general challenges faced, and to successful strategies to obtain polymers with a true balance of permanent cationic and anionic groups, thus resulting in an overall zero charge. Also, the progress due to applying new methodologies from general polymer synthesis, such as controlled polymerization methods or the use of "click" chemical reactions is presented. Furthermore, the emerging topic of responsive ("smart") polyzwitterions is addressed. The considerations and critical discussions are illustrated by typical examples.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/6/5/1544/pdf

Structures and Synthesis of Zwitterionic Polymers

Multi-functional zwitterionic coating for silicone-based biomedical devices

Facile surface modification of silicone rubber with zwitterionic polymers for improving blood compatibility.

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based composites hold immense promise in the realm of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption. Surface functionalization of CNTs plays a pivotal role in augmenting their surface binding energy, thereby bolstering their affinity for composites. However, the incorporation of functional groups may disrupt the electronic configuration of sp2 plus delocalized π-bonds and impede electronic transport within the CNT framework. Herein, carbon dots (CDs) were introduced onto the surface of oxidized CNTs (O-CNTs) using a one-step hydrothermal method to enhance their bonding capability and microwave absorption performance. Analysis showed that the characteristic functional groups on the surfaces of the CDs formed amide bonds between the CNTs, bridging them with π-conjugated structures and repairing the blocked electron transport pathway triggered by carboxyl groups. The bridging accelerated the electron flow between adjacent CNTs and enhanced the electron jumping and migration in the CDs-CNTs system. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation of the heterogeneous charge distribution within the CDs bridges and their tunable band gap demonstrated their significant influence on polarization relaxation and conduction loss. In short, the study presents a novel functionalization theory for CNTs that exhibit remarkable microwave-absorption performance in X-band. 

Unraveling the carbon dot bridges in oxidized carbon nanotubes for efficient microwave absorption

Effect of annealing temperature on the electromagnetic properties of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 prepared by sol–gel process

Willow catkins–derived Co/C nanoparticles anchored on porous carbon fibers with lightweight and enhanced microwave absorption performances

This work presents a novel broadband double-cross shape metamaterial structure based on the Carbon Black-Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (CB-ABS) composite material. The optimal metamaterial structure with the thickness of 7 mm shows a broadband absorption characteristic in the frequency range of 5.1–40 GHz. Additionally, the low volume filling fraction of the proposed metamaterial structure will be helpful to achieve lightweight broadband absorption performance. Meanwhile, the metamaterial structure can also display a wide-angle absorption performance from 0° to 55° for TE mode and 0°–75° for TM mode. Moreover, this research provides an effective and promising way for the practical application of the lightweight broadband and wide-angle microwave strong absorption metamaterial in the future.

Structural design and optimization of double-cross shape broadband absorption metamaterial based on CB-ABS

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