More than 4600 papers in the field of Mg and Mg alloys were published and indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database in 2022. The bibliometric analyses indicate that the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion of Mg alloys are still the main research focus. Bio-Mg materials, Mg ion batteries and hydrogen storage Mg materials have attracted much attention. Notable contributions to the research and development of magnesium alloys were made by Chongqing University (>200 papers), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Northeastern University (>100 papers) in China, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon in Germany, Ohio State University in the USA, the University of Queensland in Australia, Kumanto University in Japan, and Seoul National University in Korea, University of Tehran in Iran, and National University of Singapore in Singapore, etc. This review is aimed to summarize the progress in the development of structural and functional Mg and Mg alloys in 2022. Based on the issues and challenges identified here, some future research directions are suggested. 

Research advances of magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2022

Whilst the adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) of aluminum alloys is relatively slower compared with that of steels and titanium alloys, it has undergone a flourishing trend in the past 15 years. Significant progress, such as the development of novel processes, novel alloys, novel heat treatment profiles, and applications, has been made through the combined efforts from academic and industry fields. This state-of-the art review presents a detailed overview of the process technology, microstructure, and properties of different aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites fabricated using various additive manufacturing technologies, including laser powder bed fusion, electron beam powder bed fusion, laser powder direct energy deposition, wire arc additive manufacturing, binder jetting, and additive friction stir deposition. The pros and cons of each technology in fabricating aluminum alloys are evaluated. As the dominant additive manufacturing technology for aluminum alloys, an emphasis is put on the laser powder bed fusion technology by reviewing the effect of various factors, such as post-heat treatment, powder feedstock, oxidation, and element evaporation, on the microstructure and properties. We close the review with the outlook listing the remaining challenges associated with additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys. 

Recent progress on the additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites: Microstructure, properties, and applications

Application of electrochemical polishing in surface treatment of additively manufactured structures: a review

3D printing, also known as Additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged as a transformative technology with applications across various industries, including the medical sector. This review paper provides an overview of the current status of AM technology, its challenges, and its application in the medical industry. The paper covers the different types of AM technologies, such as fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, digital light processing, binder jetting, and electron beam melting, and their suitability for medical applications. The most commonly used biomedical materials in AM, such as plastic, metal, ceramic, composite, and bio-inks, are also viewed. The challenges of AM technology, such as material selection, accuracy, precision, regulatory compliance, cost and quality control, and standardization, are also discussed. The review also highlights the various applications of AM in the medical sector, including the production of patient-specific surgical guides, prosthetics, orthotics, and implants. Finally, the review highlights the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and artificial intelligence (AI) for regulatory frameworks and safety standards for 3D-printed biomedical devices. The review concludes that AM technology can transform the healthcare industry by enabling patients to access more personalized and reasonably priced treatment alternatives. Despite the challenges, integrating AI and IoMT with 3D printing technology is expected to play a vital role in the future of biomedical device applications, leading to further advancements and improvements in patient care. More research is needed to address the challenges and optimize its use for medical applications to utilize AM's potential in the medical industry fully. 

3D printed biomedical devices and their applications: A review on state-of-the-art technologies, existing challenges, and future perspectives.

Recent advances on grain refinement of magnesium rare-earth alloys during the whole casting processes: A review

Laser-based metal additive manufacturing technology, which is represented by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and direct energy deposition (DED), has been widely used in high-end industries such as aerospace. However, with the rapid development of aerospace equipment, it has become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of integrated design and manufacturing of metal parts by using LPBF or DED alone. LPBF/DED hybrid laser additive manufacturing technology is expected to greatly improve the overall manufacturing capacity of metal components by combining the advantages of the two technologies. It is expected to break through the limitation of overall manufacturing size, to realize the manufacturing of large and complex aerospace parts, and to reduce the number of components required for large and complex structures to meet the overall design and manufacturing requirements. In this paper, AlSi10Mg was selected as the build material for the LPBF/DED hybrid laser additive manufacturing process and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-built samples were studied. The analyses of the microstructure show that there are no obvious defects at the interface between the LPBF zone and the DED zone. Although the phase compositions of both the LPBF zone and the DED zone are composed of alpha-Al matrix and eutectic Si, the melt track shape, microstructural morphology, grain size, grain boundary angle distribution and grain texture change significantly around the LPBF/DED interface. The results of mechanical property tests indicated that the LPBF zone has higher microhardness and tensile strength but lower elongation in comparison with the DED zone. The fine microstructure containing a large number of Si-rich nano-precipitates and high amount of solid solution element enhance the microhardness and tensile strength of the LPBF zone, where the lower solid solubility and high percentage of low angle grain boundary increased the elongation of the DED zone. More importantly, the tensile strength of the LPBF/DED interface is not less than the DED zone, and the boundary of DED melt track as well as porosity defect in the DED zone are the weakest region of LPBF/DED hybrid laser additive manufacturing AlSi10Mg specimens. Therefore, the overall tensile strength of the sample is mainly determined by the DED zone. The formation mechanism of the gradient microstructure around the LPBF/DED interface and the effect of microstructure on properties were also analyzed. This paper proves that the LPBF/DED hybrid laser additive manufacturing technology can be used for the overall manufacturing of aluminum alloy components with regular surface structure. 

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloy built by laser powder bed fusion/direct energy deposition hybrid laser additive manufacturing

High-power laser powder bed fusion of 316L stainless steel: Defects, microstructure, and mechanical properties

In this paper, high power laser powder bed fusion (HP-LPBF) of AlSi10Mg alloy was conducted under the conventional level layer thickness (0.05 mm) and the sub-millimeter level thickness (0.10–0.25 mm). The effect of layer thickness on defect, microstructure and mechanical property of the HP-LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy are studied. The results first demonstrate that the relative density of the HP-LPBF sample is higher than 99.8% when the layer thickness is 0.05–0.10 mm and decreases monotonously with the layer thickness increasing from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. Then, it is found that all the HP-LPBF samples possess a cellular structure composed of α-Al matrix and eutectic Si. However, the crystallographic features are significantly influenced by the layer thickness. When the layer thickness is only 0.05 mm, the α-Al matrix is mainly composed of columnar grains with <100> orientation parallel to the build direction. With the increase of layer thickness, the growth direction of the columnar grains becomes diversified whilst the proportion of the equiaxed grains increases, resulting in the decrease of <100> texture intensity. Finally, it is shown that the tensile property of the HP-LPBF sample presents a V-shaped relationship with the layer thickness. Except the minimum value which is obtained at the layer thickness of 0.20 mm, the tensile properties of the HP-LPBF samples are superior to that of the die-casting AlSi10Mg. The relevant influence mechanisms are also revealed. 

High power laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg alloy: Effect of layer thickness on defect, microstructure and mechanical property

High power laser powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg alloy: Effect of laser beam mode

Infrared reflectance tuning or controlling based on functioned nanostructure has become a research hotspot. Via designing particular surface nanostructure, special infrared optical devices can be devised. However, once these functioned structures are fabricated, their optical characteristics are also determined, so as to limit their application. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrated a signal voltage tunability of a dynamic infrared reflectance device by using an aluminum 2-dimension grating with a birefringence nematic liquid-crystal (LC). The hybrid microstructure allows electrically controlled reflectance at infrared wavelength by only applying a voltage signal with relatively low RMS amplitude. Besides the rubbed polyimide film fabricated for shaping initial LC direction contacted directly with nanostructures, the aluminum 2-dimension grating itself serves as an alignment layer to form a twisted LC cell. And the nanostructured aluminum also serves as an electrode. The working principle of our device is based on the fact that LC is polarization tunability. When applied a small electric field on the aluminum electrode and another electrode, the LC molecule can be reoriented and thus lead to a remarkable change of the dielectric constant surrounding the metallic nanostructure, and also excite relatively strong surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) modes on the LC-metal interface so as to provide a possibility of adjusting the reflectance. The aluminum metasurfaces is prepared by electron-beam lithography (EBL). The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) is used to observe the reflectance of the device at infrared wavelengths. A significant spectral tunability at 3μm to 4μm of such a device has been demonstrated by applying the voltage from 0 to 20 Vrms.

Reflectance tuned at infrared wavelengths based on aluminum metasurfaces

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