Postnatal teeth, wisdom teeth, and exfoliated deciduous teeth can be harvested for dental stem cell (DSC) researches. These mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate and also consider as promising candidates for dental and oral regeneration. Thus, the development of DSC therapies can be considered a suitable but challenging target for tissue regeneration. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression rather than changes in DNA and broadly happens in bone homeostasis, embryogenesis, stem cell fate, and disease development. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression and the regulation of cell fate is mainly governed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Tissue engineering utilizes DSCs as a target. Tissue engineering therapies are based on the multipotent regenerative potential of DSCs. It is believed that epigenetic factors are essential for maintaining the multipotency of DSCs. A wide range of host and environmental factors influence stem cell differentiation and differentiation commitment, of which epigenetic regulation is critical. Several lines of evidence have shown that epigenetic modification of DNA and DNA-correlated histones are necessary for determining cells' phenotypes and regulating stem cells' pluripotency and renewal capacity. It is increasingly recognized that nuclear enzyme activities, such as histone deacetylases, can be used pharmacologically to induce stem cell differentiation and dedifferentiation. In this review, the role of epigenetic in dental and oral regenerative medicine by different types of dental stem cells is discussed in two new and promising areas of medical and biological researches in recent studies (2010-2022).

/pdf/the-role-of-epigenetic-in-dental-and-oral-regenerative-2stomcev.pdf

The Role of Epigenetic in Dental and Oral Regenerative Medicine by Different Types of Dental Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Overview

Repairing central nervous system (CNS) is difficult due to the inability of neurons to recover after damage. A clinically acceptable treatment to promote CNS functional recovery and regeneration is currently unavailable. According to recent studies, injectable hydrogels as biodegradable scaffolds for CNS tissue engineering and regeneration have exceptionally desirable attributes. Hydrogel has a biomimetic structure similar to extracellular matrix, hence has been considered a 3D scaffold for CNS regeneration. An interesting new type of hydrogel, injectable hydrogels, can be injected into target areas with little invasiveness and imitate several aspects of CNS. Injectable hydrogels are being researched as therapeutic agents because they may imitate numerous properties of CNS tissues and hence reduce subsequent injury and regenerate neural tissue. Because of their less adverse effects and cost, easier use and implantation with less pain, and faster regeneration capacity, injectable hydrogels, are more desirable than non-injectable hydrogels. This article discusses the pathophysiology of CNS and the use of several kinds of injectable hydrogels for brain and spinal cord tissue engineering, paying particular emphasis to recent experimental studies. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100614

Injectable hydrogels in central nervous system: Unique and novel platforms for promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue engineering

Osteoporosis (OP), characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microarchitecture, is the most common bone degenerative disease. Conventional treatments for OP have several side eﬀects, new treatment approaches are needed. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) carrying curative molecules have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique nanosized structures, stable loading capacity, good biocompatibility, ease of modification, and industrialization. In this study, we modified probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN) to overexpress hCXCR4 fused with the ClyA on the membrane surface of BEVs. The bone targeted BEVs took advantage of the intrinsic anti-OP function and loaded with SOST siRNA to generate BEVs-hCXCR4-SOST siRNA (BEVs-CSs). The customized BEVs-CSs have exhibited great bone targeting ability without long-term cytotoxicity. In addition, the bioengineered BEVs-CSs can be internalized by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and promote their osteogenic differentiation with significant cytocompatibility. Finally, the bifunctional BEVs-CSs successfully reversed the OP in an ovariectomized mouse model. Taken together, such a bioengineered BEVs-based strategy provides an innovative, safe, eﬃcient and promising therapeutic solution for intractable OP treatment. 

Bone-targeted bioengineered bacterial extracellular vesicles delivering siRNA to ameliorate osteoporosis

Oxidative stress is a biochemical process that disrupts the redox balance due to an excess of oxidized substances within the cell. Oxidative stress is closely associated with a multitude of diseases and health issues, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammatory conditions, and aging. Therefore, the developing of antioxidant treatment strategies has emerged as a pivotal area of medical research. Hydrogels have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional biocompatibility, adjustable physicochemical properties, and capabilities for drug delivery. Numerous antioxidant hydrogels have been developed and proven effective in alleviating oxidative stress. In the pursuit of more effective treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases, there is an urgent need for advanced strategies for the fabrication of multifunctional antioxidant hydrogels. Consequently, our focus will be on hydrogels that possess exceptional reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenging capabilities, and their role in oxidative stress therapy will be evaluated. Herein, the antioxidant mechanisms and the design strategies of antioxidant hydrogels and their applications in oxidative stress-related diseases are discussed systematically in order to provide critical insights for further advancements in the field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Antioxidant Hydrogels: Antioxidant Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Applications in Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases.

Hydrogels have established their significance as prominent biomaterials within the realm of biomedical research. However, injectable hydrogels have garnered greater attention compared to their conventional counterparts due to their excellent...

Injectable Smart Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: Pioneering Advancements in Biomedical Applications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to the key causative elements of neurological deficits. However, no effective therapeutics have been developed yet. In our previous work, extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) offered new insights as potential strategies for functional recovery of TBI. The current study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action, providing novel therapeutic targets for future clinical interventions. With the miRNA array performed and Real-time PCR validated, we revealed the crucial function of miR-330-5p transferred by SHED-derived EVs (SHED-EVs) in regulating microglia, the critical immune modulator in central nervous system. MiR-330-5p targeted Ehmt2 and mediated the transcription of CXCL14 to promote M2 microglia polarization and inhibit M1 polarization. Identified in our in vivo data, SHED-EVs and their effector miR-330-5p alleviated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and resumed the motor functional recovery of TBI rats. In summary, by transferring miR-330-5p, SHED-EVs favored anti-inflammatory microglia polarization through Ehmt2 mediated CXCL14 transcription in treating traumatic brain injury. 

/pdf/dental-stem-cell-derived-extracellular-vesicles-transfer-mir-26un5m51.pdf

Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer miR-330-5p to treat traumatic brain injury by regulating microglia polarization

/pdf/dental-stem-cell-derived-extracellular-vesicles-transfer-mir-1jbvlczp.pdf

Stem cells derived from dental tissues (DSCs) exhibit multipotent regenerative potential in pioneering tissue engineering regimens. The multipotency of DSCs is critically regulated by an intricate range of factors, of which the epigenetic influence is considered vital. To gain a better understanding of how epigenetic alterations are involved in the DSC fate determination, the present review overviews the current knowledge relating to DSC epigenetic modifications, paying special attention to the landscape of epigenetic modifying agents as well as the related signaling pathways in DSC regulation. In addition, insights into the future opportunities of epigenetic targeted therapies mediated by DSCs are discussed to hold promise for the novel therapeutic interventions in future translational medicine.

/pdf/deciphering-the-epigenetic-code-of-stem-cells-derived-from-25eomorm.pdf

Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Stem Cells Derived From Dental Tissues

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide with few effective treatments. Excessive oxidative stress and local inflammation at the injury site are considered as the critical factors that determine the therapeutic outcome. In our previous study, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-derived exosomes (SHED-Exo) promoted functional recovery of TBI by amelioration of neuro-inflammation. However, the effect was restricted due to unsustainable exosome release and existed oxidative stress that aggravate secondary insult of TBI. To obtain a long-time anti-inflammatory effect of SHED-Exo and attenuate oxidative stress simultaneously, we designed a bioactive antioxidant poly (citrate-gallic acid)-based hybrid hydrogel (FPGEGa) that encapsulate SHED-Exo for treating TBI. The thermosensitive, injectable, self-healing and antioxidant FPGEGa presented ultralong sustained release of SHED-Exo (above 21 days) and significantly decreased the intracellular ROS production of microglia in the central nervous system. FPGEGa carrying SHED-Exo ([email protected]) exhibited better anti-inflammatory potential on microglia, by promoting M2 (anti-inflammatory) polarization and inhibiting M1 (pro-inflammatory) polarization. [email protected] could improve the neuro-regeneration of TBI rats by rescuing damaged motor functions in rats as well as regenerating impaired cortical tissues. The present work suggested that SHED-Exo engineered bioactive antioxidative hydrogel may be promising in achieving satisfactory functional recovery in TBI and other related neurological disorders. 

Engineering antioxidant poly (citrate-gallic acid)-Exosome hybrid hydrogel with microglia immunoregulation for Traumatic Brain Injury-post neuro-restoration

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Meng Sun

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer miR-330-5p to treat traumatic brain injury by regulating microglia polarization

Dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles transfer miR-330-5p to treat traumatic brain injury by regulating microglia polarization

Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Stem Cells Derived From Dental Tissues

Engineering antioxidant poly (citrate-gallic acid)-Exosome hybrid hydrogel with microglia immunoregulation for Traumatic Brain Injury-post neuro-restoration