Multi-functional yolk-shell structured materials and their applications for high-performance lithium ion battery and lithium sulfur battery

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used as power storage devices widely at present. However, graphite, the commercial anode material of lithium-ion batteries, can no longer match people's needs. Remarkably, the transition...

Progress of Transition Metal Sulfides Used as the Lithium-ion Battery Anodes

Due to its high theoretical capacity, silicon is the most promising anode candidate for future lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power. Yet the low conductivity and poor structural stability resulting from huge volume expansion after full lithiation are still the critical issues impacting practical applications of silicon anodes. This review unveils how structural designs address these challenges and outlines the structural evolution of silicon anodes. Up to now, six generations of structural designs have been proposed for silicon anodes, encompassing solid nanostructures, porous structures, core-shell structures, yolk-shell structures, high-tap-density packed yolk-shell structures, and carbon-nanotube-improved yolk-shell structures. The evolution of structural improvement principles deployed for silicon anodes can provide valuable guidance for the rational structural design of other electrode materials that undergo large volume changes. In this review, Zhang et al. summarized the typical structural evolution of six silicon-based anode materials. Furthermore, the current limitations of fabrication methods and some promising future directions for the structural design of silicon anodes are also discussed. 

The typical structural evolution of silicon anode

Constructing MoS2/ZnS-NC heterostructures on carbon cloth as anode with enhanced diffusion kinetics for lithium-ion batteries

Two-dimensional metal sulfide semiconductor materials have received a lot of attention recently due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, outstanding chemical properties, and suitable band gap, and possess the potential in the application of gas sensors. In this work, SnS2 nanosheets were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and successfully modified with Au, Pd, and Au-Pd nanoparticles on their surfaces using reducing agents for xylene detection. The experimental results show that the gas-sensitive performance of the sensor can be significantly improved by modifying Au-Pd nanoparticles on the surface of SnS2 nanosheets, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the bimetal and the catalytic properties of bimetallic systems. The response of the prepared sensor is more than ten times higher than that of the pure material. In addition, the optimal operating temperature of the sensor modified by Au-Pd nanoparticles was also decreased compared to that of the sensor prepared by SnS2. The outstanding performance makes Au-Pd nanoparticles-modified SnS2 gas sensor a great potential candidate for xylene detection. 

Au-Pd modified SnS2 nanosheets for conductometric detection of xylene gas

Rational design of ZnS/CoS heterostructures in three dimensional N-doped CNTs for superior lithium storage

Constructing nanostructures with multi-components and delicate architecture exhibits huge potential to improve the lithium storage performance of electrodes. Herein, we report a novel yolk-double-shell structure with complex chemical compositions. Starting with a core-shell structured Co-ZIF@ZnCo-ZIF as a precursor via a simple selenization process, yolk-double-shell polyhedra that assembled by nanosized Co0.85Se@N-doped carbon as the yolk and the first shell and nanosized Co0.85Se@N-doped carbon and ZnSe@N-doped carbon hetero-components as the second shell (marked as Co0.85Se@NC/ZnSe@NC-YDS) are synthesized. Benefiting from their multiple structural advantages, such as high surface area, large pore volume, uniform carbon coating, and intimate heterostructures, Co0.85Se@NC/ZnSe@NC-YDS exhibits high reversible capacity (1047 mA h g-1) and good rate capability for lithium storage. More importantly, even after 3000 cycles at 5.0 A g-1, an impressive reversible capacity of 468 mA h g-1 is retained with no capacity decay. After repeated discharge/charge processes, the integrated yolk-double-shell structure is still reserved, due to its structural and compositional advantages, which contribute to the enhanced rate and cycling performance.

A hierarchical structure of a Co0.85Se@NC/ZnSe@NC yolk-double-shell polyhedron for long-term lithium storage.

Controlling the microstructure and composition of electrodes is crucial to enhance their rate capability and cycling stability for lithium storage. Inspired by the highly interconnected network and good mechanical integrity of an ant-nest architecture, herein, a biomimetic strategy is proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of Cu2-xSe. After facile carbonization and selenization treatments, the 3D Cu-MOF is successfully transformed into the final ant-nest-like Cu2-xSe@C (AN-Cu2-xSe@C). The AN-Cu2-xSe@C is composed of interconnected Cu2-xSe channels with amorphous carbon coated on the outer surface. The 3D interconnected channels within the AN-Cu2-xSe@C provide fast charge transport pathways and enhanced structural integrity to tolerate the large volume fluctuations of Cu2-xSe during cycling. When applied as the anode for lithium storage, the AN-Cu2-xSe@C shows remarkable electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 1452 mA h g-1 after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g-1 and 879 mA h g-1 after 2500 cycles at 10.0 A g-1, respectively. Mechanism investigations demonstrate that the AN-Cu2-xSe@C experiences complicated conversion-intercalation co-existence reactions upon cycling. The existence of capacitive behaviour (74%) also contributes to the extended cycling performance. Our work offers a new avenue for designing a high performance electrode using the biomimetic concept.

Ant-nest-like Cu2-xSe@C with biomimetic channels boosts the cycling performance for lithium storage.

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Rational design of ZnS/CoS heterostructures in three dimensional N-doped CNTs for superior lithium storage

A hierarchical structure of a Co0.85Se@NC/ZnSe@NC yolk-double-shell polyhedron for long-term lithium storage.

Ant-nest-like Cu2-xSe@C with biomimetic channels boosts the cycling performance for lithium storage.