State University of New York, Albany Noun incorporation is perhaps the most nearly syntactic of all morphological processes. Examination of the phenomenon across a large number of geographically and genetically diverse languages indicates that, where syntax and morphology diverge, incorporation is a solidly morphological device that derives lexical items, not sentences. It is used for four different but related purposes; these fall into an implicational hierarchy which in turn suggests a path along which incorporation develops historically. Differences in its productivity from language to language show that this development may be arrested at any point-resulting either in the eventual disappearance of the process, or in its resurgence as a productive system of affixation.*

The evolution of noun incorporation

This revised edition makes Finnegan’s ground-breaking research available to the next generation of scholars. It includes a new introduction, additional images and an updated bibliography, as well as its original chapters on poetry, prose, "drum language” and drama, and an overview of the social, linguistic and historical background of oral literature in Africa.

This volume is complemented by original recordings of stories and songs from the Limba country (Sierra Leone), collected by Finnegan during her fieldwork in the late 1960s,

/pdf/oral-literature-in-africa-155hhd4ziy.pdf

Oral literature in Africa

the University of Victoria, UMass, and Rutgers University, particularly to Nora Aion, Akin Akinlabi, Olga Babko-Malaya, Eric Bakovic, Jill Beckman, Jose Benki, Laura Benua, Barry Carlson, Megan Crowhurst, Merce Gonzalez, Sharon Inkelas, Zvi Gilbert, Amalia Gnanadesikan, Rene Kager, Ed Keer, John Kingston, Paul Kiparsky, Marc van Oostendorp, Jaye Padgett, Rossina Petrova, Ivan Sag, Vieri Samek-Lodovici, Lisa Selkirk, Yael Sharvit, Pat Shaw, Paul Smolensky, Rachel Thorburn, Suzanne Urbanczyk, Jennifer Yearley, Laura Walsh, and Arnold Zwicky, for their comments and questions. We owe a special debt to Junko Ito and Armin Mester, who reviewed a draft of the NELS handout and provided much useful feedback. T The Emergence of the Unmarked Optimality in Prosodic Morphology1

/pdf/the-emergence-of-the-unmarked-optimality-in-prosodic-52q9x40oo8.pdf

The emergence of the unmarked: Optimality in prosodic morphology

▪ Abstract The proposal that linguistic sounds such as phonemes, features, syllables, or tones can be meaningful, or sound-symbolic, contradicts the principles of arbitrariness and double articulation that are axiomatic to structural linguistics. Nevertheless, a considerable body of research that supports principles of sound symbolism has accumulated. This review discusses the most widely attested forms of sound symbolism and the research programs linked to sound symbolism that have influenced linguists and anthropologists most. Numerous reports of magnitude sound symbolism in the form of experimental studies and comparative surveys have been integrated into a biologically based theory of its motivation. Magnitude sound symbolism also catalyzed a number of experimental studies by psychologists and linguists in search of a universal sound-symbolic substrate underlying all languages. Although the search for a sound-symbolic substrate has been abandoned, the success rates of these studies have never been sat...

The case for sound symbolism

A Preliminary Index of Social Development

Preface to the Second Edition Introduction to the Second Edition Introduction to the First Edition Acknowledgements Author's Foreword I. On the History of the Problem II. The Method and Material III. The Functions of Dramatis Personae IV. Assimilations: Cases of the Double Morphological Meaning of a Single Function V. Some Other Elements of the Tale A. Auxiliary Elements for the Interconnection of Functions B. Auxiliary Elements in Trebling C. Motivations VI. The Distribution of Functions Among Dramatis Personae VII. Ways in Which New Characters Are Introduced into the Course of Action VIII. On the Attributes of Dramatis Personae and their Significance IX. The Tale as a Whole A. The Ways in Which Stories Are Combined B. An Example of Analysis of a Tale C. The Problem of Classification D. On the Relationship of Particular Forms of Structure to the General Pattern E. The Problem of Composition and Theme, and of Themes and Variants F. Conclusion

Morphology of the Folktale

Nootka Texts: Tales and Ethnological Narratives

A sketch of northern Sahaptin grammar

Pattern in Cultural Anthropology

The best earlier treatment of the Jargon is Horatio Hale's Manual of Chinook Jargon (1890).1 The bibliography of Jargon is large; no published material examined has been satisfactory for the study of its phonetic and structural phenomena; semantics and word origins, with which we are not concerned, can be studied in other publications. Chinook Jargon is the lingua franca formerly employed by Indians and whites in the coastal district from southern Oregon to Alaska and west of the Rocky Mountains. The Jargon is being forgotten rapidly; a new lingua franca, English, is replacing it. A century ago, Chinook Jargon was the unique and beautifully satisfactory means of communication between the speakers of a hundred or more mutually unintelligible Pacific Northwest languages. Thousands of older natives and hundreds of older whites in the region can still speak it, and even now it is by no means a dead language. However, the younger natives can travel satisfactorily with a knowledge of English alone; they no longer feel stimulus or need to acquire Jargon. And whites no longer trouble to learn it. Probably the most fluent ancient speakers of Jargon lived in the lower Columbia River country--with its tributaries-, in central and western Oregon and Washington. They were from birth speakers of Chinook proper, southern Coast Salish, Klikitat Sahaptin, Molale Sahaptin, Kalapuya, and contiguous languages. Among these people Jargon vocabularies, idioms, and style were relatively rich and effective. The speakers of Jargon farther in the Columbia basin interior, in the Puget Sound country and in British Columbia, knew that the lower Columbia natives spoke a better lingua franca. Among the Oregon and

Notes on the Structure of Chinook Jargon

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