The system provides information to facilitate efficient optimization of programmer settings for cardiac pacemakers. It simultaneously measures a patient's electrocardiogram and peripheral blood pressure (or volumetric displacement) waveform in order to calculate, in real-time and non-invasively, a value correlated to the pre-ejection time (PET) and, optionally, ejection duration (ED) for the patient's left ventricle. The peripheral pulse waveform can be monitored with a wrist mounted tonometer, or a suitable brachial cuff device. The time difference between the occurrence of the R-wave on the ECG trace and the foot of the pulse on the radial blood pressure waveform is defined as a surrogate pre-ejection time interval (SPET). Data including the electrocardiogram and peripheral pulse trace, as well as the calculated, surrogate pre-ejection time interval (SPET) for each heart beat and trending is displayed on a computer monitor, thereby allowing a physician or nurse to quickly optimize PET for the patient and adjust programmer settings for an implanted pacemaker.

Optimization of pacemaker settings with R-wave detection

Systems and methods are provided to improve respiratory function. Systems include an external electrical stimulator coupled to electrodes that stimulates diaphragm contraction and may optionally include a positive pressure mechanical ventilator. The system further includes an electrode suitable for temporary implantation. Electrical stimulation is provided to specific portions of the diaphragm, such as one hemidiaphragm preferentially over another. By preferentially contracting one hemidiaphragm, a specific portion of a lung may be expanded, such as a posterior portion. By the provision of the negative intrathoracic pressure from diaphragm contraction, greater expansion of specific portion of lung is achieved in relationship to air pressure within the lung, thereby improving compliance. Supplementation of stimulated diaphragm contraction with positive pressure driven air flow from a PPMV directs the air flow to specific portions of the lung. Such portion may include a posterior portion of a lung, and may cause a clearing of atelectasis in that portion.

Ventilatory assist system and methods to improve respiratory function

A method of placing an electrode in a peritoneal cavity including the following steps: inserting an endoscope through a patient's mouth into the patient's stomach; passing the endoscope through an opening in the stomach into the peritoneal cavity; and using the endoscope to place the electrode in contact with tissue within the peritoneal cavity other than stomach tissue. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of electrically mapping tissue accessed from a peritoneal cavity including the following steps: inserting an endoscope through a patient's mouth into the patient's stomach; passing the endoscope through an opening in the stomach into the peritoneal cavity; passing an electrode through the endoscope; placing the electrode in contact with tissue within the peritoneal cavity other than stomach tissue; and applying a mapping stimulation signal to the electrode from a mapping stimulator.

Method and apparatus for transgastric neurostimulation

A diaphragm pacing stimulatory method and a system to implement the method are provided to improve respiratory function and the quality of sleep in patients whose sleep is compromised by poor respiration. The diaphragm pacing method includes adaptations that make it particularly compatible with the onset of sleep and sustaining sleep. Embodiments of the method are operated independently of breathing effort the patient may make during sleep. Patients for whom the invention is appropriate include those with a neuromuscular disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). System elements include an external electrical stimulator coupled to one or more implanted electrodes that stimulate diaphragm contraction. The system and method provide for a pacing of the diaphragm, improved breathing, and improved sleep. Features of improved sleep include longer sleep time, an increased amount of REM sleep, and fewer episodes of wakefulness and restlessness.

Method of improving sleep disordered breathing

Described herein are methods and systems for improving or adapting a breathing pattern of a patient with disordered breathing toward a more helpful state, as well as systems and devices for adapting breathing. These methods and systems may be used for improving sleep in patients with sleep disordered breathing and a system by which to implement devices for performing these methods.

Device and method of neuromodulation to effect a functionally restorative adaption of the neuromuscular system

The present invention is a method for determining protein expression profiles in disease or an altered biological state. The method is based on the use of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis where the gel images are assigned two different colors. The gels are then compared by an overlay procedure that allows for identification and quantification of unique proteins by determining which colors are detected in the superimposed images and the density of those colors.

Differential protein expression patterns related to disease states

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Differential protein expression patterns related to disease states