Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It places considerable mental, physical, and emotional stress on patients and requires them to make major adjustments in many key areas of their lives. As a consequence, the demands on health care providers to satisfy the complex care needs of cancer patients increase manifold. Of late, patient satisfaction has been recognized as one of the key indicators of health care quality and is now being used by health care institutions for monitoring health care improvement programs, gaining accreditation, and marketing strategies. The patient satisfaction information is also being used to compare and benchmark hospitals, identify best-performance institutions, and discover areas in need of improvement. However, the existing literature on patient satisfaction with the quality of cancer care they receive is inconsistent and heterogeneous because of differences in study designs, questionnaires, study populations, and sample sizes. The aim of this review was therefore to systematically evaluate the available information on the distribution and determinants of patient satisfaction in oncology.

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Distribution and determinants of patient satisfaction in oncology: A review of the literature.

Although a number of articles about pharmacy practices in European countries have been published, few reviews compare pharmacy and pharmaceutical care practices throughout Europe.1,2 In 2000 the status of pharmaceutical care in Europe was discussed in a Spanish journal,3 and in 2004 two other reviews were published.4,5 A series of articles on the development of pharmaceutical care and pharmacy practice in a number of countries is now being published in the Annals of Pharmacotherapy.6 But these articles describe one country at a time, and the series will only cover a limited number of European countries.7,8,9,10 There are several reasons why it is difficult to get a clear picture of pharmacy and pharmaceutical care practices in Europe. Although the European Union (EU) has now existed for many years, there has yet to be any harmonization in the field of primary health care even though a number of recommendations have been made.11 As a result, there still are major differences in health care policies and practices among European countries. Furthermore, it is not very common to describe current practices or professional developments in pharmacy; most articles focus on commercial and professional threats to pharmacy or future challenges. It is somewhat easier to find articles describing research into small elements of pharmacy practice; but in most European countries even this research is not yet normal practice. There are many different pharmacy journals in Europe, but they are published in over forty different languages and many are not indexed in major international databases like Medline/Pubmed. In this literature review, we aim to describe contemporary European developments regarding the implementation of and research into pharmaceutical care, focusing on the community pharmacy. We will identify the major

https://www.cff.org.br/userfiles/106%20-%20VAN%20MIL,%20Harvard_%20A%20Review%20of%20Pharmaceutical%20Care%20in%20Community%20Pharmacy%20in%20Europe.pdf

A Review of Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacy in Europe

Cancer patients usually undergo extensive and debilitating treatments, which make quality of life (QoL) and patient satisfaction important health care assessment measures. However, very few studies have evaluated the relationship between QoL and patient satisfaction in oncology. We investigated the clinical, demographic and QoL factors associated with patient satisfaction in a large heterogeneous sample of cancer patients. A cohort of 538 cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (CTCA) was assessed. A patient satisfaction questionnaire developed in-house by CTCA was used. It covered the following dimensions of patient satisfaction: hospital operations and services, physicians and staff, and patient endorsements for themselves and others. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). The clinical, demographic and QoL factors were evaluated for predictive significance using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of our patient population was 54.1 years (SD = 10.5, range 17-86), with a slight preponderance of females (57.2%). Breast cancer (n = 124) and lung cancer (n = 101) were the most frequent cancer types. 481 (89.4%) patients were "very satisfied" with their overall experience. Age and several QoL function and symptom scales were predictive of overall patient satisfaction upon univariate analysis. In the multivariate modeling, only those with a score above the median on the fatigue measure (i.e. worse fatigue) had reduced odds of 0.28 of being very satisfied (p = 0.03). Patient fatigue, as reported by the QoL fatigue scale, was an independent significant predictor of overall patient satisfaction. This finding argues for special attention and programs for cancer patients who report higher levels of fatigue given that fatigue is the most frequently reported symptom in cancer patients.

/pdf/distribution-and-determinants-of-patient-satisfaction-in-4eer8hmf72.pdf

Distribution and determinants of patient satisfaction in oncology with a focus on health related quality of life

Purpose
Individualized patient care may help reduce the incidence of adverse drug events in systemic cancer therapy. This study was conducted to explore the feasibility and potential of additional pharmaceutical care for breast and ovarian cancer patients.

/pdf/pharmaceutical-care-for-patients-with-breast-and-ovarian-4cr1jjm2iu.pdf

Pharmaceutical care for patients with breast and ovarian cancer

Objective: To examine the psychological impact of a referral and telephone intervention, involving information and support, among men with colorectal cancer (CRC) and prostate cancer.



Methods: 571 newly diagnosed male CRC (N=182) and prostate (N=389) cancer patients were block-randomised into three arms. In the two intervention arms, the specialist actively referred men to a Cancer Helpline. In Active Referral—4 outcalls, men received calls from the Helpline within 1 week of diagnosis, and at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post-diagnosis. In Active Referral—1 outcall, men received one call within 1 week of diagnosis. In the control arm, Passive Referral, patients were referred to the Helpline, with contact at their initiative. Participants completed scales measuring cancer-specific distress, anxiety and depression at study entry, then 4, 7 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Random effects regression models compared rates of change in these outcomes between study arms.



Results: At the first outcall, over 85% of participants in both intervention arms discussed treatment management and psychological/emotional issues. Among the Active Referral—4 outcalls arm, over 80% of participants discussed psychological/emotional issues at each call. Mean changes over time in cancer-specific distress, anxiety and depression were similar between study arms.



Conclusion: Although men were willing to discuss psychosocial issues via the telephone, we found no psychological impact. Further research is required to determine whether the intervention is more effective for patients who do not have psychosocial support or have unmet information needs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The psychological impact of a specialist referral and telephone intervention on male cancer patients: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Pharmaceutical care follows a needs-based approach. Cancer patients form a group with particular needs. Information about cancer treatment plays an important role in terms of coping strategies, initiation of self-care behaviour, and quality of life. In order to develop pharmaceutical care strategies for cancer patients, it is important to assess patients’ information needs. This survey aims at providing a suitable instrument to measure patient satisfaction with information on cancer treatment and to reveal the present situation in Germany. Methods: Since there was no suitable German measure available, the Canadian ‘Patient Satisfaction with Cancer Treatment Education (PS-CaTE) questionnaire’ was translated into German and its test quality criteria were examined. Selected socio-demographic variables were added to the original version of the questionnaire to facilitate subgroup analysis. A pre-test was performed to assess the reliability of the adapted instrument.The questionnaire was distributed among patients of cooperating hospitals, oncology practices, and self-aid groups over Germany. Results: The pre-test established a good reliability of the instrument. In the main survey, overall satisfaction, on a 5- point Likert scale, showed a median score of 3.5, where 5 represented the highest degree of satisfaction. A subscale analysis revealed that satisfaction with information provided on adverse events and complementary treatment options was lower compared to the information provided on cancer treatment. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis identified three significant predictors of satisfaction: a) diagnosis of a mammary carcinoma; b) recent diagnosis; and c) treatment by a primary-care oncologist. Patients with a mammary carcinoma and patients treated by a primary-care oncologist were less satisfied, and patients with a recent diagnosis were more satisfied compared to other patients. In comparison to other information sources, pharmacists still seem to play a minor role as a source of information for patients. Conclusions: The version of the questionnaire with a total of 14 items seems to be suitable for measuring patient satisfaction with information. Additional research is needed to further verify the validity of the instrument. The questionnaire may help pharmaceutical-care providers to develop needs-based information strategies. The assessment of patient satisfaction can contribute to the outcome evaluation of pharmaceutical care. The fact that pharmacists are not yet being recognised by most patients as a source of information should support an intensified and more active offer of care by the pharmacist.

Psychometric assessment and application of a questionnaire measuring patient: satisfaction with information on cancer treatment.

Patient satisfaction with information on cancer treatment : Psychometric assessment and application of the Canadian PS-CaTE-questionnaire in German settings

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Psychometric assessment and application of a questionnaire measuring patient: satisfaction with information on cancer treatment.

Patient satisfaction with information on cancer treatment : Psychometric assessment and application of the Canadian PS-CaTE-questionnaire in German settings