Exploring Healthcare Staff’s Attitudes and Perceptions of Robot Use in Nursing Care in Germany

Explicability in AI and robotics is at the centre of interdisciplinary discussions, which involve machine learning, computer science, ethics, and more. Transparency and explicability are generally seen as a need for systems that encompass AI. We offer a different point of view, arguing for rethinking the necessity of explicability at all costs, citing examples from videogames user-centred design, and existing applications

" Never complain , never explain " : why robots may not have to be explicable after all

The need for care and the demand for qualified caregivers, combined with high trainee dropout rates and challenges in integrating theoretical and practical training, highlight the urgent need for innovative educational solutions in professional caregiving education. Mixed Reality may support learning, collaboration, and knowledge transfer in training and practice, promoting competencies, safety, and quality of care. This research explores the potential of Assisted Reality (aR) to bridge the theory-practice gap in caregiving training by offering interactive, multimodal, and immersive learning experiences. An aR-based learning scenario, aligned with didactic principles, was developed for a complex care intervention in stroke treatment. A design case study was conducted to design, develop, implement, and evaluate an aR-based learning scenario in a SkillsLab with 22 participants to investigate its impact on care-students’ knowledge acquisition and application. The work outlines initial reactions, learning effects, and challenges of incorporating aR into caregiving curricula. Initial reactions were largely positive, highlighting increased engagement, though technical challenges related to voice control emerged.

“Something completely different from usual”: Investigating the Potential of Assisted Reality in Enhancing Knowledge Transfer and Training Practical Skills in Caregiving Education

This paper describes, how current Machine Learning (ML) techniques combined with simple rule-based animation routines make an android robot head an embodied conversational agent with ChatGPT as its core component. The android robot head is described, technical details are given of how lip-sync animation is being achieved, and general software design decisions are presented. A public presentation of the system revealed improvement opportunities that are reported and that lead our iterative implementation approach.

pdf/an-android-robot-head-as-embodied-conversational-agent-3lcf935x.pdf

An Android Robot Head as Embodied Conversational Agent

Often robots are seen as a means to an end to fulfill a logical objective task. Android robots, on the other hand, provide new possibilities to fulfill emotional tasks and could therefore be integrated into assistive scenarios. We explored this possibility by letting older adults and stakeholders have a conversation with an android robot capable of expressing emotion through facial expressions. The study was carried out with a wizard-of-oz approach and data collected with a mixed methods approach. We found that the participants were encouraged to speak more with the robot due to its smile. Simultaneously, many ethical questions were raised about transparency and manipulation. Our research can give valuable insight into the reaction of older adults to android robots that show emotions.

The Effects of Android Robots Displaying Emotion on Humans: Interactions between Older Adults and Android Robots

From idle to interaction – assessing social dynamics and unanticipated conversations between social robots and residents with mild cognitive impairment in a nursing home

Intercultural studies are scarce but yet insightful to better understand reactions of older adults to human-like Android robot behavior. They help to see which reactions of participants are universal and which are country specific. Research with android robots and older adults has many results that are based on online research with pictures or on research that has been carried out in labs in one country. Within a Japanese-European research project, we had the rare occasion to work with an android robot in both countries and compare the results. We collected data from 19 participants that were invited in a Living Lab at two universities in Japan and Germany. The data contains interviews, videos and questionnaires and was analyzed with a mixed method approach. Results indicate that the android robots of this study are not in the valley of the uncanny valley theory. We could observe that the older adults and stakeholders from both countries were open to talk to the robot, some even about private topics, while others preferred to use the robot to retrieve information. German participants wished for more gestures, while Japanese participants were keen on the relatively little number of gestures. With this work we contribute to a broader understanding on how older adults perceive android robots and could show that an android robot with its human-like appearance is not seen as uncanny. 

Not that Uncanny After All? An Ethnographic Study on Android Robots Perception of Older Adults in Germany and Japan

Fears about Social Robots in Nursing

“Making Robots Usable”: Empowering Care Professionals to Customize Social Robots in Care

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