Peak bone mass achieved in adolescence is a determinant of bone mass in later life. In order to identify genetic variants affecting bone mineral density (BMD), we performed a genome-wide association study of BMD and related traits in 1518 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We compared results with a scan of 134 adults with high or low hip BMD. We identified associations with BMD in an area of chromosome 12 containing the Osterix (SP7) locus, a transcription factor responsible for regulating osteoblast differentiation (ALSPAC: P = 5.8 × 10−4; Australia: P = 3.7 × 10−4). This region has previously shown evidence of association with adult hip and lumbar spine BMD in an Icelandic population, as well as nominal association in a UK population. A meta-analysis of these existing studies revealed strong association between SNPs in the Osterix region and adult lumbar spine BMD (P = 9.9 × 10−11). In light of these findings, we genotyped a further 3692 individuals from ALSPAC who had whole body BMD and confirmed the association in children as well (P = 5.4 × 10−5). Moreover, all SNPs were related to height in ALSPAC children, but not weight or body mass index, and when height was included as a covariate in the regression equation, the association with total body BMD was attenuated. We conclude that genetic variants in the region of Osterix are associated with BMD in children and adults probably through primary effects on growth.

Common variants in the region around Osterix are associated with bone mineral density and growth in childhood

Objective:Osteoporosis is a costly bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) that primarily affects postmenopausal women. One factor that may lead to osteoporosis is a failure to...

/pdf/heavy-episodic-drinking-is-associated-with-poorer-bone-22rud5ukth.pdf

Heavy episodic drinking is associated with poorer bone health in adolescent and young adult women

Optimization of factors that influence peak bone mass is one strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis later in life. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recently issued a scientific statement providing evidence-based guidance for the purpose of helping individuals achieve optimal peak bone mass early in life. This chapter summarizes the role of individual nutrients, food patterns, lifestyle issues (e.g., smoking), and physical activity on bone mass and strength development in children and adolescents. The best evidence is for positive effects of calcium intake and physical activity on bone mass and density. Good evidence was also available for positive effects of vitamin D and dairy consumption.

Lifestyle Factors That Affect Peak Bone Mass Accrual: Summary of a Recent Scientific Statement and Systematic Review by the National Osteoporosis Foundation

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Lifestyle Factors That Affect Peak Bone Mass Accrual: Summary of a Recent Scientific Statement and Systematic Review by the National Osteoporosis Foundation