On Rhinosporidium seeberi (Wernicke, 1903), with Special Reference to its Speculation and Affinities.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool for evaluating lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and effectiveness of FNAC in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Methods: Cytological characteristics were evaluated in 432 patients who underwent lymph node FNAC and follow-up biopsy at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Fifteen (3.5%) of the four hundred and thirty-two patients were diagnosed as inadequate by FNAC, with five (33.3%) of these diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 155 (35.9%) were diagnosed as benign by FNAC, with seven (4.5%) of these diagnosed histologically as metastatic carcinoma. A review of the FNAC slides, however, showed no evidence of cancer cells, suggesting that the negative results may have been due to FNAC sampling errors. An additional five samples regarded as benign on FNAC were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 223 (51.6%) were cytologically diagnosed as malignant, with 20 (9.0%) of these diagnosed as tissue insufficient for diagnosis (TIFD) or benign on histological examination. A review of the FNAC slides of these 20 patients, however, showed that 17 (85.0%) were positive for malignant cells. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of FNAC were 97.8%, 97.5%, 98.7%, 96.0%, and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative FNAC was safe, practical, and effective in the early diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This method, however, had limitations in some diagnoses, suggesting that additional attempts may be required according to the clinical situation.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/4/728/pdf?version=1677038097

Utility and Limitations of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy

According to the World Health Organization, the coronavirus outbreak poses a daily threat to the global health system. Almost all countries' health resources are insufficient or unequally distributed. There are several issues, such as a lack of health care workers, beds, and intensive care units, to name a few. The key to the country's health systems overcoming this epidemic is to use limited resources at optimal levels. Disease detection is critical to averting an epidemic. The greater the success, the more tightly the covid viral spread may be managed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) testing is commonly used to determine whether or not a person has a virus. Deep learning approaches can be used to classify chest X-RAY images in addition to the PCR method. By analyzing multi-layered pictures in one go and establishing manually entered parameters in machine learning, deep learning approaches have become prominent in academic research. This popularity has a favorable impact on the available health datasets. The goal of this study was to detect disease in persons who had x-rays done for suspected COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019). A bi-nary categorization has been used in most COVID-19 investigations. Chest x-rays of COVID-19 patients, viral pneumonia patients, and healthy patients were obtained from IEEE [17] (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and Kaggle [18]. Before the classification procedure, the data set was subjected to a data augmentation approach. These three groups have been classified through multiclassclassification deep learning models. We are also debating a taxonomy of recent contributions on the eXplainability of Artificial Intelligence (XAI).

An Artificial Intelligence Technique for Covid-19 Detection with eXplainability using Lungs X-Ray Images

/pdf/analysis-of-fnac-in-diagnosis-of-lymphadenopathy-a-1nt8dnlp6n.pdf

Analysis of FNAC in diagnosis of lymphadenopathy-a retrospective study from a regional cancer centre, Cuttack, Odisha

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of patients attending outpatient department. The etiology of cervical lymphadenopathy varies from inflammatory condition to malignant lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, easy and quick diagnostic technique. It has become the first line of investigation in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of lesions in cervical lymphadenopathy and role of FNAC in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.Methods: This study was conducted over a period of two years (May 2015 to May 2017). 206 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were included in the study.Results: Most of the cases were non-neoplastic (91.74 %) whereas (8.26 %) cases were neoplastic. The most common cause of non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy was reactive lymphadenitis. Histocytological correlation was done in 32 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for metastatic carcinoma and reactive lymphadenitis was 100% and 93.75% respectively.Conclusions: FNAC is a safe, cost effective and reliable procedure to diagnose the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy.Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 36-40

/pdf/diagnostic-value-of-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-in-the-cdfcjl4ocn.pdf

Diagnostic Value of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Assessment of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations of patients attending the outdoor department of a hospital. Lymph node aspiration is of great value for the diagnosis of lymphadenitis, lymphomas, and metastatic carcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have reported the pattern of cytological diagnosis on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymphadenopathy cases in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state of India. The mean age of all the patients in this study was 21.67 years. The most common site of lymphadenopathy was cervical region (71.79%) followed by axillary region (11.11%). Results: Tubercular lymphadenitis (44.02%) was the single most common cause of lymphadenopathy followed by reactive lymphadenitis (42.64%), metastatic lesions (9.40%), and malignant lymphoma (4.70%). The sensitivity of 94.49%, positive predictive value of 96.26%, and diagnostic accuracy of 91.15% was achieved in our study. Conclusion: This study highlights the role of FNAC as a simple, inexpensive, relatively painless, rapid, repeatable, and reliable method of investigation for lymphadenopathy, especially in outpatient departments, peripheral hospitals, and dispensaries.

Profile of Lymphadenopathy: An Institutional Based Cytomorphological Study.

Background: Myometrial lesions form a diverse group amongst which leiomyoma is the commonest visceral neoplasm affecting females in the reproductive age group. They are noted clinically in 20-30% of women over 30 years of age; are rare prior to the menarche, common in reproductive life and have a tendency to regress after the menopause. Their gross appearances are often altered by various secondary changes. Subtypes of leiomyoma are chiefly of interest as they may mimic malignancy in some cases. Methods: All the hysterectomy and myomectomy specimens which were received in the department of pathology, ASCOMS hospital Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir over a period of one year, out of which 79 cases with leiomyomas were included in the study. The specimens were properly labeled, fixed (in NBF), examined grossly, processed, stained and examined microscopically. Results: Age range of the patients with leiomyoma was18-62 years. Majority of the patients were between 41-50 years (46.84% cases). Menorrhagia was the commonest symptom constituting 37.97% cases and fibroid uterus was the most common clinical diagnosis provided (44%). Most common location of leiomyoma’s was intramural (57.43%) followed by subserosal (30.69%). 56.96% leiomyoma’s were single and 43.04% were multiple. Degenerative changes were observed in 16.46% cases, amongst which hyaline change was the most common (6.33%). 9 types of leiomyoma variants were seen, amongst which cellular leiomyoma (6.33%) was the commonest. Adenomyosis was associated with leiomyoma in 19.23% cases. Conclusions: This study was conducted to analyze the clinic pathologic spectrum of uterine leiomyoma’s in northern India with regards to their clinical presentation, associated changes and variants, and to compare our findings with similar studies from different parts of the world.

Clinicopathological spectrum of uterine leiomyomas in a state of Northern India: a hospital based study

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, aggressive tumor of indeterminate malignant potential with myofibroblastic differentiation. Though bladder location is very uncommon, it arises from the bladder submucosal stroma as a polypoidal growth and is easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm- clinically, radiologically and histologically. Essential criteria for the diagnosis of IMT are: spindle myoepithelial cell proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Here we report the case of a 30 years old man who presented with painless gross haematuria for 2 weeks. The patient underwent open partial cystectomy and the final pathological diagnosis was IMT of bladder.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder: A diagnostic challange and therapeutic dilemma.

Amlodipine besilate, long-acting dihydropyridine type calcium channel blocker is widely used as an antihypertensive agent. In some reports, long-acting dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers caused chylous ascites in peritoneal dialysis patients but none of the cases was associated with use of amlodipine. Here, we describe a case of a patient who was on peritoneal dialysis for CKD and developed chylous ascites after he was prescribed amlodipine for hypertension. The chylous ascites resolved after cessation of amlodipine therapy. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is still not established although few speculative theories are known. A thorough clinical, laboratory and imaging assessment of this patient didn’t suggest any alternative diagnosis. We conclude that this patient’s chylous ascites was amlodipine related and physicians should be aware of the possibility of ascites due to the administration of long-acting dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers particularly in those undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Amlodipine induced chylous ascites in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A case report

Ocular rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, a protistal microorganism endemic in the hot, tropical climes of India and Sri Lanka. It often presents as a friable, vascular conjunctival polyp but may mimic other ocular conditions. We present the case of a 35 year old female with an ocular polypoid mass that resembled a conjunctival hemangioma but was proved to be Ocular rhinosporidiosis on histopathology. Thick walled sporangia of Rhinosporidium seeberi containing multiple nucleated endospores are the typical diagnostic features on histopathology. Total wide-base excision of the polyp, preferably by electro-cautery, is recommended to prevent spillage of endospores and recurrence of the lesion. This is the first reported case of ocular rhinosporidiosis from Jammu & Kashmir state of North India.

Ocular Rhinosporidium Granuloma masquerading as Conjunctival Hemangioma: a Case Report

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