This paper presents a control algorithm for a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) fast steering mirror (FSM), whose performance is poor in open loop control mode. Based on the characterization and parameter identification of MEMS FSM, an improved double step algorithm is proposed to shorten the settling time and improve its quasi-static working bandwidth. A characterization system is set up, in which an optical sensor is utilized to monitor the tilt angle of FSM. The performance of the FSM in the time and frequency domain are both acquired, while the critical parameters of the FSM model are identified. Finally, the closed-loop experiments for the FSM are done to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the settling time (98%) of the FSM is effectively reduced from 398 ms to 0.4 ms under the improved double step control mode, which has a better tracking performance and tiny overshoot, compared with the open loop control mode.

Control of a MEMS Fast Steering Mirror With Improved Quasi-Static Performance

快速反射镜（FSM）具有响应快、精度高、分辨率高等优势，被广泛应用于卫星激光通信、激光武器、自适应光学成像、高精度激光瞄准等领域，是捕获、跟踪和瞄准（ATP）系统中的核心部件。本文介绍了ATP系统和FSM的工作原理，并从驱动方式、FSM的面形、工作带宽、扫描角度范围、控制精度、体积重量及功耗等性能指标及在卫星激光通信的应用等方面，详细介绍了国内外研究机构的多款FSM器件，从音圈电机、压电陶瓷和微机电系统（MEMS）三种驱动结构上对FSM进行了分类，并阐述了不同驱动结构FSM的工作方式及性能差异，分析了影响FSM在ATP系统中应用的关键参数，展望了FSM在激光通信中的关键技术，指出了高精度、数字化、小型化是FSM的发展趋势。 

卫星激光通信快速反射镜研究进展及发展趋势

This paper reports a highly reliable piezoelectric Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) with large optical aperture (10 mm), which utilizes two-level-construction comprising a mirror plate and a actuator hidden beneath the mirror plate, achieving a high resonant frequency (⪆900 Hz) and a large quasi-static scanning range (4 mrad). The leverage structure is adopted not only to amplify the quasi-static deflection angle, but also to achieve a high fill factor (⪆50%). Moreover, compliant flexural structures are optimized to balance the stress to strengthen mechanical robustness. AlScN piezoelectric film is used as actuating material for high piezoelectric coefficient, high linearity and long-term stability. Through experimental verifications, the mirror has been proven to have high mechanical and thermal robustness, namely, withstands mechanical vibration (14.34 g), shock (500g@2ms) and temperature cycling (-40° to 80°) without performance degradation. Meanwhile, the on/off at equal stress experiment further demonstrates the lifetime of the mirror to be more than 12.0E9 cycles.

Piezoelectric MEMS fast steering mirror with high reliability for free-space laser communication

CubeSats are gaining popularity in low-Earth orbit networks due to their low cost, fast response, and the potential and ability to form constellations. But establishing optical communication links between CubeSats is a daunting task. Laser transmission links require very strict beam pointing stability, and for small satellites with strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements, it is imperative to research light and miniaturized laser communication terminals. Electrostatic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors are currently the most effective devices for realizing SWaP terminals in the field of optical communication. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the servo control of electrostatic MEMS mirrors for micro-miniature laser communication terminals. By using the position error feedback of the photodetector, the servo control requirements of high response speed and high robustness are realized.

Electrostatic MEMS micromirror servo control for micro laser communication terminal

Recent trends indicate an increase in the number of small satellite missions, which can be developed more quickly and at a lower cost than traditional satellites. This has led to a growing interest in university-based satellite development, despite a lack of expertise in the space field, which has resulted in a high failure rate for such missions. To address this issue, the implementation of robust and reliable verification and validation (V&V) methods has become essential, and it has been demonstrated that the use of a FlatSat during the V&V campaign increases reliability. Despite the significance of FlatSat, there is a dearth of information on the platforms used to implement it, as well as a classification scheme for locating them. This article contributes to bridging this gap by conducting a systematic mapping of 65 works that were selected based on specific criteria and subsequently analyzed. The primary characteristics of the platforms are enumerated, and a new classification for FlatSat platforms into Raw, Bridge, Dock, and Modular is proposed. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic, the principal tests conducted on these platforms were also covered.

FlatSat Platforms for Small Satellites: A Systematic Mapping and Classification

The Satellites Team of the Stanford Student Space Initiative (SSI) has designed and built Polar-Orbiting Infrared Tracking Receiver (POINTR), a 1U cubesat payload to demonstrate optical-communications technology. Because of the narrow beam divergence of optical signals it is crucial to have reliable and accurate Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking (PAT) abilities on board the spacecraft. POINTR will demonstrate the use of a silicon MEMS fast steering mirror (FSM) for fine pointing in a cubesat optical receiver by tracking a ground laser beacon. To the authors' knowledge this will be the first in-flight demonstration of such a MEMS device in a cubesat optical receiver. POINTR launched Dec 3rd 2018 on Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express, as a hosted payload onboard a 3U cubesat Audacy0.

Polar Orbiting Infrared Tracking Receiver (POINTR)

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Meera Radhakrishnan

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Polar Orbiting Infrared Tracking Receiver (POINTR)