1954: A Case of Crisis Egression. Short and Long Term in Contemporary Economic History. ; ; The study of crises—in which we see the shock-paroxysm characteristic of middle-length cycles and a fifteen year depression—has advanced more than the analysis of "crisis egression". Reconstitution of the way which led out of the 1930's crash allows us to sketch out the remodelling of the mode of growth which assured the continuation of the stimulation (which was almost artificial) begun by Reconstuction; the stimulation was, in part, financed by American aid, and it laid down the bases for further "self-sustained" expansion. The short cycle crisis (1952-53) was a crucial tool for decision-makers; this can be seen in the lucid and modernist discourse of the Mendesists. Five phenomena converged: first and foremost, changes in the capacity and productivity of modernization/reconstructive investments; (2) the push from entrepreneurs starting up in the slots of anticipated growth and in the niches of industrial, financial and commercial innovation; then, (3) from 1953 to 1955, the turnabout in the world situation which accentuated governmental stimulation of growth, in particular through the taxation of businesses; (4) the State's expansionistic choice edifying a deliberate and coherent strategy of support of public andprivate investment, through the introduction in France of Keynesian methods of operating; and lastly, (5) the parallelism between increased supply, due to investment in productivity and capacity, and increased demand due to the simultaneous agreement by the government and company heads to distribute buying power by applying, in a more or less systematic way, rules of "social Fordism". Along with the "growth sectors" erected by the Reconstruction's mixed industry, with the building-blocks ofthe industries producing intermediary goods and equipment, one could henceforth count as "growth sectors"—i.e. creators of factories and jobs—the industries of consumption whose growth rates jumped markedly and then steadied in the second half ofthe 1950's.

L'année 1954 : un cas de sortie de crise. Temps court et temps long en histoire économique contemporaine

An integrated survey of research

The aim of this article is to provide a better understanding of the concept of routines. We will start by showing how Schumpeter introduced this concept and how Nelson and Winter have disseminated it so as to offer a deeper understanding of what a firm is. Through the notion of routines evolutionary theory opens up the organizational "black box" and offers a deeper insight into the firm's behavior. If routines are regarded as the loci of organizational memory, the articulation of knowledge (i. e. rendering it explicit by means of a natural, symbolic, or other language) is far from perfect, owing to the presence of tacit knowledge and the costs of articulation. We will attempt to show the evolution of this notion in some recent research (Cohen et al., 1995). These works, based on an articicial intelligence's approach developed by Simon, describe in a computational dimension which separates the body from the spirit. We will criticize this perspective by showing that tacit knowledge is not always included in cognitive maps but rather in technical artefacts and in operators' bodies, as underlined by Rosenberg. This will bring us to discussion of other dimensions of organizational memory that are able to capture the diversity of tacit knowledge without excluding the various reservoirs of knowledge (interference of technical artefacts, social interactions...). This last point will be discussed through a review of recent empirical studies which underline the articulation of knowledge by considering initial events, such as social interactions, bodily and mental skills, and technical artifacts, as an important dimension in building up routines.

Routines in theory and in practice, a criticism of the cognitive perspective

Etude methodologique – basee sur l’analyse des inventaires et bordereaux de versements des Archives Departementales de l’Allier, du Cantal, de la Haute-Loire et du Puy-de-Dome ainsi que sur une selection de publications (articles et livres) referencees dans differentes bibliotheques de la Region Auvergne – qui a pour but de selectionner les documents publics les plus utiles aux chercheurs sur l’histoire et la geographie industrielles de cette Region entre le debut du XIXe siecle et le debut du XXIe siecle. 
En introduction sont rappelees les origines de cette etude (pre-inventaire puis inventaire des sites potentiellement pollues) et le cadre juridique permettant la consultation des sources d’informations signalees (demande de derogation, recours a la CADA, etc.) qui peuvent etre aussi tres utiles pour les sociologues, les historiens de l’art, les historiens du droit, etc….

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01170746/document

Eléments pour servir à l'histoire et à la géographie industrielles de la Région Auvergne du début du XIX e siècle à nos jours

Technical progress and society: Historical perspective

Petits Fonctionnaires au Travail.@@@L'Industrie Horlogere dans la Region de Besancon.@@@Les Laminoirs Ardennais: Declin d'une Aristocratie Professionnelle.

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Petits Fonctionnaires au Travail.@@@L'Industrie Horlogere dans la Region de Besancon.@@@Les Laminoirs Ardennais: Declin d'une Aristocratie Professionnelle.