The thesis argues that homelessness is complex and synergical in nature It discusses the life events and processes that often trigger, protect against and predict the likelihood of someone becoming homeless (and/or roofless) It argues, that people's routes into homelessness are complex, multiple and interlinked and are the result of biographical, structural and behavioural factors This complexity increases with the age of the individual and the duration of their rooflessness The thesis explores the homeless culture as a counter-culture created through people being pushed out of mainstream society It argues, that what happened to people in the past, created the nature of the homeless culture Furthermore it is argued that any serious attempt at resettling long-term rough sleepers needs to consider what it is that the homeless culture offers and whether or how this can be replicated within housed society The thesis goes on to demonstrate that there are immense, complex, multi-dimensional difficulties to be faced by those exiting rooflessness These difficulties arise from complex structural, behavioural and emotional factors that are inextricably entwined within people's lives and, at times, negate positive influences or exacerbate existing problems It is argued that the current system inadvertently actively discourages and/or prevents people from leaving homelessness and fully re-integrating back into housed society Radical changes are needed in the way we perceive and tackle rooflessness The thesis concludes with a discussion of the types of policies and interventions that could prevent rooflessness from occurring or would actively promote meaningful reintegration back into housed society

The culture of homelessness : an ethnographic study

Social inclusion and social mobility

Shelter recently published a report, From Pillar To Post: Failing to meet the support and housing needs of vulnerable people, which showed just how important it is that agencies work closely together. A survey of Shelter's network of housing aid centres and projects found that housing and social services departments are failing to work together, and the needs of service users are not being met. Guidance to local authorities encouraging departments to work together is not enough; a new duty on local authorities is needed.

From pillar to post: Failing to meet the support and housing needs of vulnerable people

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From pillar to post: Failing to meet the support and housing needs of vulnerable people