A method is provided for modifying an image. The method comprises displaying an image, the image comprising a portion of an object; and determining if an edge of the object is in a location within the portion. The method further comprises detecting movement, in a member direction, of an operating member with respect to the edge. The method still further comprises moving, if the edge is not in the location, the object in an object direction corresponding to the detected movement; and modifying, if the edge is in the location, the image in response to the detected movement, the modified image comprising the edge in the location.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method and program

A revision is currently being undertaken of ISO 9241-11, published in 1998 to provide guidance on usability. ISO-9241-11 defines usability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a particular context of use. The intention was to emphasise that usability is an outcome of interaction rather than a property of a product. This is now widely accepted. However, the standard also places emphasis on usability measurement and it is now appreciated that there is more to usability evaluation than measurement. Other developments include an increasing awareness of the importance of the individual user’s emotional experience as discretionary usage of complex consumer products and use of the World Wide Web have became more widespread. From an organisational perspective, it is now appreciated that usability plays an important role in managing the potentials risks that can arise from inappropriate outcomes of interaction. The revision of ISO 9241-11 takes account of these issues and other feedback.

/pdf/iso-9241-11-revised-what-have-we-learnt-about-usability-4zselukb2p.pdf

ISO 9241-11 Revised: What Have We Learnt About Usability Since 1998?

We examine the popular Personas method and consider claims that personas can reflect empirical data and serve as an information source for development teams. We argue that there are significant methodological and practical difficulties for personas. It is difficult to determine how many, if any, users are represented by a persona, and thus is difficult to know whether a persona is relevant for intended users. Personas cannot be adequately verified or falsified and therefore have no demonstrable validity. We believe personas are likely to lead to political conflicts and to undermine the ability for researchers to resolve questions with data. We suggest potential research to evaluate the Personas method more thoroughly. Until the methodological issues are resolved, it is best not to consider personas to be a means to communicate data.

/pdf/the-personas-new-clothes-methodological-and-practical-17qirrbn0w.pdf

The Personas' New Clothes: Methodological and Practical Arguments against a Popular Method

Personas are a critical method for orienting design and development teams to user experience. Prior work has noted challenges in justifying them to developers. In contrast, it has been assumed that designers and user experience professionals - whose goal is to focus designs on targeted users - will readily exploit personas. This paper examines that assumption. We present the first study of how experienced user-centered design (UCD) practitioners with prior experience deploying personas, use and perceive personas in industrial software design. We identify limits to the persona approach in the context studied. Practitioners used personas almost exclusively for communication, but not for design. Participants identified four problems with personas, finding them abstract, impersonal, misleading and distracting. Our findings argue for a new approach to persona deployment and construction. Personas cannot replace immersion in actual user data. And rather than focusing on creating engaging personas, it is critical to avoid persona attributes that mislead or distract.

How do designers and user experience professionals actually perceive and use personas

Systems, methods and computer program products for providing information associated with an attachment (e.g., attachment received through an instant message system, online collaboration tool, electronic message and the like). A sidebar may allow a user to view comprehensive profile and content information associated with the attachment using an attachment information viewer. The sidebar also may allow the user to switch between a message attachment information view (e.g., to facilitate browsing of the document or attachment) and a person profile information view (e.g., to facilitate browsing of personal or public data).

Presentation of Organized Personal and Public Data Using Communication Mediums

One of the major problems with participatory design is that it is extremely difficult to apply it to current developments. Software development for the mass market is one aspect of current developments which has been addressed. The problem of how to apply participatory design invariably leads to questioning its relevance to present-day circumstances. It is suggested that new patterns of dominance must be revealed. The usability method known as 'personas' has been demonstrated to remedy the problems of including social and political issues in mass market software developments. This paper demonstrates how the application of personas to a mass market software development project failed because of patterns of dominance in the telecom branch which were unrecognised at the time. The identifying of these patterns of dominance contributes to a better understanding of some of the new patterns of power and domination in mass-market software developments that PD stands before.

/pdf/personas-is-not-applicable-local-remedies-interpreted-in-a-1gsrduesht.pdf

Personas is not applicable: local remedies interpreted in a wider context

The present invention is related to a method for retrieving contacts in a portable device being arranged to operatively communicate messages and being provided with: access to a memory arrangement comprising a plurality of contacts, each being associated with one or several contact addresses for enabling a user of the portable device to communicate messages with the contact in question; a presentation arrangement for presenting contacts; and at least one control unit for controlling the operation of the portable device. The portable is arranged to perform the method, which is characterized by the steps of: monitoring the number of messages that are communicated with the device for each contact in a set of contacts among said plurality of contacts; sorting said set of contacts with respect to the number of times each contact has been involved in the communication of a message; presenting the sorted set of contacts on the presentation arrangement.

Retreiving and presenting information in a portable device

It is often claimed that software development is negatively affected by infrequent, incomplete and inconsistent measurements; improving with the help of metrics is an obvious solution. Software testing provides opportunities for measurement that give organizations insight in to processes. Usability testing is part of the testing area, although it is not a commonly addressed area within software engineering, perhaps because of a split between qualitative and quantitative paradigms. We compare a usability testing framework called UTUM with principles for Software Process Improvement, and find areas of close agreement as well as areas where our work illuminates new characteristics. UTUM is found to be a useful vehicle for improvement in software engineering, dealing as it does with both product and process. Our work emphasises the importance of the neglected area of usability testing. Our experience also illustrates how the metrics have been tailored to act as a boundary object between different disciplines.

Reporting usability metrics experiences

Little research is done on how socio-political factors intertwine with method implementation This paper is a follow up of a reported PD method implementation failure four years ago For branch related reasons, the implementation fell short This article tells the story of what happened then To our surprise, the original reason for introducing the PD method called Personas had disappeared during our one and a half year attempt at method implementation Internal socio-political developments had solved the power struggle that the PD method was aimed to mediate We propose that it is time to expand the method focus with studies revealing more about the socio-political internal climate and contingencies in today's software development practices that influence method introduction and adaptation

PD method and socio-political context of the development organization

This paper presents a tool for building quality of use into the software and software process, in the form of a test package for mass market devices. It is developed for measuring user experience, which is seen as a more encompassing term than usability. The test package, which is under constant development, is the result of a long term cooperation between industry and academia, and is in use in industrial development projects. It shows usability through the use of metrics, for efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction, supported by qualitative judgements made by a test leader/usability expert. It gives a clear demonstration of quality, from the customer and end-user point of view. The case presented here, where the test has been performed concurrently in two countries, has been a quality assurance of the test package, which has been found to work efficiently and flexibly in a complex industrial environment, with complicated relationships between customers, partners and end-users.

/pdf/developing-quality-through-measuring-usability-the-utum-test-2fa25ju9cw.pdf

Developing Quality through Measuring Usability--The UTUM Test Package

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