This paper addresses interactions between technological innovation systems (TIS) and wider "context structures". While TIS studies have always considered various kinds of contextual influences, we suggest that the TIS framework can be further strengthened by a more elaborated conceptualization of TIS context structures and TIS-context interactions. For that purpose, we identify and discuss four especially important types of context structures: technological, sectorial, geographical and political. For each of these, we provide examples of different ways in which context structures can interact with a focal TIS and how our understanding of TIS dynamics is enhanced by considering them explicitly. Lessons for analysts are given and a research agenda is outlined.

http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/223400/local_223400.pdf

Technological innovation systems in contexts: conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics

Innovation System Strengths and Weaknesses in Progressing Sustainable Technology : The Case of Swedish Biorefinery Development

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. To mitigate climate change, substantial investments are needed in emerging renewable energy technologies. However, developers of the technologies - both capital goods suppliers and utilities - lack the capital to make the required investments, and other investors hesitate because of the high risks and low returns involved. This article analyses the challenges of financing the development and large-scale diffusion of biomass gasification and offshore wind power in Europe. Biomass gasification needs to take the step from public to private finance and find investors willing to make a sizable investment with high risk. Mobilising the amount of capital needed to bring about large-scale diffusion of offshore wind power will require innovative financial solutions. To overcome these challenges, changes are needed in both the financial sector and in firms in the energy sector. Amongst other suggestions this article points to bonds specially designed for renewable energy as one way to increase investment.

Challenges in mobilising financial resources for renewable energy—The cases of biomass gasification and offshore wind power

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. To limit global warming to 1.5-2°C, EU needs to eliminate emissions of CO 2 equivalents over the next decades, which necessitates that a range of new technologies develop, mature and diffuse on a massive scale. To create conditions for this, effective instrument mixes have to be designed and implemented. However, the choice of such mixes depends on the analytical rationale for policy intervention. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to scrutinize the analytical base of the EU Commission, contrast it with the work of classical economists and recent innovation scholars, and draw lessons for how effective mixes of policy instruments may be identified. We show that the Commission's focus on market failures, static efficiency and technology neutrality does not cover all possible obstacles and leads it to neglect the centrality of dynamic efficiency and the structural build-up of innovation systems around new technologies.

Improving the European Commission’s analytical base for designing instrument mixes in the energy sector: Market failures versus system weaknesses

https://research.chalmers.se/publication/518448/file/518448_Fulltext.pdf

A new dawn for (oil) incumbents within the bioeconomy? Trade-offs and lessons for policy

Syftet med denna rapport ar att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan anvandas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter for att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikomraden 􏰑􏰅􏰇􏰆􏰄􏰊􏰕􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰊􏰟􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰄􏰑􏰢􏰑􏰆􏰎􏰇􏰑􏰐􏰅􏰍􏰔􏰎􏰆􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰑􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰇􏰙􏰆􏰊􏰐􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰃􏰄􏰑􏰏􏰃􏰑􏰈􏰊􏰉􏰕􏰅􏰄􏰒􏰙􏰉􏰊􏰆􏰊􏰑􏰈􏰅􏰄􏰘􏰆􏰅􏰍􏰅􏰌􏰕􏰎􏰌􏰥􏰄
I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, 􏰑􏰙􏰉􏰞􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰎􏰃􏰤􏰄􏰎􏰉􏰎􏰈􏰆􏰃􏰊􏰟􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰕􏰎􏰄􏰆􏰋􏰌􏰍􏰅􏰄􏰚􏰙􏰃􏰕􏰙􏰌􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰯􏰊􏰙􏰃􏰅􏰚􏰟􏰌􏰅􏰕􏰎􏰃􏰊􏰎􏰃􏰥􏰄􏰁􏰂􏰃􏰄􏰐􏰅􏰃􏰣􏰎􏰄􏰮􏰖􏰗􏰄􏰊􏰕􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰊􏰟􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰑􏰄 systemsvagheter som bromsar omradets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan atgardas av systemets aktorer och vilka som motiverar sarskilda politiska ataganden. Rapporten utgor darmed ett underlag for att formulera atgarder for att astadkomma okad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan namnda teknikomraden.
Studien har aven mojliggjort en jamforande analys av likheter och skillnader 􏰇􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰅􏰌􏰄􏰠􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰄􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰙􏰇􏰃􏰘􏰕􏰎􏰌􏰤􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰕􏰏􏰃􏰇􏰎􏰕􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰏􏰃􏰈􏰆􏰄􏰇􏰂􏰣􏰉􏰊􏰍􏰔􏰎􏰆􏰎􏰌􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰄􏰕􏰃􏰅􏰄􏰑􏰉􏰋􏰆􏰑􏰅􏰆􏰑􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰚􏰂􏰃􏰄 􏰯􏰘􏰕􏰎􏰄􏰅􏰌􏰅􏰉􏰢􏰆􏰊􏰈􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰯􏰎􏰑􏰉􏰋􏰆􏰑􏰚􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰅􏰃􏰎􏰥􏰄􏰴􏰎􏰆􏰄􏰚􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰍􏰘􏰃􏰄􏰆􏰢􏰕􏰉􏰊􏰍􏰆􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰄􏰕􏰎􏰆􏰄􏰟􏰌􏰌􏰑􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰙􏰃􏰅􏰄􏰑􏰈􏰊􏰉􏰉􏰌􏰅􏰕􏰎􏰃􏰄 mellan omradena – de ar starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att 􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰑􏰒􏰎􏰞􏰊􏰟􏰈􏰅􏰄􏰅􏰌􏰅􏰉􏰢􏰑􏰎􏰃􏰤􏰄􏰉􏰊􏰈􏰑􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰑􏰒􏰎􏰞􏰊􏰟􏰈􏰅􏰄􏰘􏰆􏰍􏰏􏰃􏰕􏰎􏰃􏰤􏰄􏰏􏰃􏰄􏰇􏰙􏰆􏰊􏰐􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰕􏰎􏰥
Samtidigt har omradena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktorer, dar aven politiska 􏰯􏰎􏰑􏰉􏰋􏰆􏰑􏰚􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰅􏰃􏰎􏰄􏰊􏰌􏰍􏰘􏰃􏰤􏰄􏰔􏰅􏰃􏰄􏰆􏰥􏰎􏰓􏰥􏰄􏰐􏰅􏰃􏰊􏰆􏰄􏰯􏰃􏰅􏰄􏰒􏰘􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰄􏰆􏰅􏰄􏰚􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰄􏰌􏰢􏰄􏰈􏰋􏰌􏰑􏰈􏰅􏰒􏰄􏰍􏰎􏰌􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰚􏰙􏰃􏰑􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰌􏰍􏰄 􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰎􏰓􏰒􏰎􏰃􏰊􏰇􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰄􏰋􏰆􏰐􏰎􏰞􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰌􏰍􏰤􏰄􏰐􏰊􏰉􏰈􏰎􏰆􏰄􏰃􏰎􏰑􏰋􏰉􏰆􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰆􏰄􏰊􏰄􏰌􏰢􏰅􏰄􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰉􏰂􏰑􏰌􏰊􏰌􏰍􏰅􏰃􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰈􏰋􏰌- skapsnatverk. Men de har varit samre pa att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme for fortsatt larande och kostnadsreduktion. Sadana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktorer, men ofta kravs politiska styrmedel. De behovs for att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggoras och for att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya omraden skall goras mojlig i Sverige.
Vidare presenteras lardomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebar. Tva huvud- 􏰅􏰃􏰍􏰋􏰇􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰄􏰑􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰚􏰂􏰃􏰑􏰄􏰚􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰄􏰏􏰃􏰄􏰅􏰆􏰆􏰄􏰚􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰐􏰏􏰓􏰆􏰎􏰌􏰄􏰅􏰐􏰄􏰌􏰢􏰄􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰄􏰏􏰃􏰄􏰎􏰌􏰄􏰞􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰃􏰅􏰉􏰄􏰕􏰎􏰉􏰄􏰅􏰐􏰄􏰑􏰅􏰇- hallsbygget och darfor bor vara ett politikomrade bland manga samt att den skarpa 􏰋􏰒􏰒􏰕􏰎􏰉􏰌􏰊􏰌􏰍􏰎􏰌􏰄􏰑􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰊􏰯􏰉􏰅􏰌􏰕􏰄􏰍􏰂􏰃􏰑􏰄􏰇􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰅􏰌􏰄􏱃􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰑􏰒􏰎􏰞􏰊􏰟􏰈􏰅􏱃􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏱃􏰆􏰎􏰈􏰌􏰊􏰈􏰌􏰎􏰋􏰆􏰃􏰅􏰉􏰅􏱃􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰢􏰃- 􏰇􏰎􏰕􏰎􏰉􏰄􏰯􏰂􏰃􏰄􏰅􏰐􏰕􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰅􏰆􏰊􏰑􏰎􏰃􏰅􏰑􏰥􏰄􏰖􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰏􏰉􏰉􏰎􏰆􏰄􏰯􏰎􏰟􏰌􏰌􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰑􏰊􏰍􏰄􏰅􏰉􏰉􏰅􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰢􏰃􏰇􏰎􏰕􏰎􏰉􏰄􏰒􏰘􏰄􏰎􏰌􏰄􏰑􏰈􏰅􏰉􏰅􏰄􏰇􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰅􏰌􏰄 􏰕􏰎􏰑􏰑􏰅􏰄􏰆􏰐􏰘􏰄􏰎􏰓􏰆􏰃􏰎􏰇􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰙􏰉􏰊􏰈􏰅􏰄􏰆􏰢􏰒􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰅􏰐􏰄􏰇􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰑􏰒􏰎􏰞􏰊􏰟􏰈􏰅􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰇􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰌􏰎􏰋􏰆􏰃􏰅􏰉􏰅􏰄􏰑􏰆􏰂􏰕􏰄􏰯􏰎􏰔􏰂􏰐􏰑􏰄􏰊􏰄 olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.
For att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behovs en hog grad av koordinering 􏰇􏰎􏰉􏰉􏰅􏰌􏰄􏰇􏰢􏰌􏰕􏰊􏰍􏰔􏰎􏰆􏰎􏰃􏰄􏰙􏰞􏰔􏰄􏰕􏰎􏰒􏰅􏰃􏰆􏰎􏰇􏰎􏰌􏰆􏰄􏰑􏰅􏰇􏰆􏰄􏰑􏰒􏰎􏰞􏰊􏰟􏰈􏰄􏰈􏰋􏰌􏰑􏰈􏰅􏰒􏰄􏰙􏰇􏰄􏰚􏰃􏰅􏰇􏰐􏰏􏰓􏰅􏰌􏰕􏰎􏰄 teknikomraden sa att ”ratt” typ av atgarder kan sattas in vid ”ratt” tidpunkt av ”ratt” aktor. TIS-ramverket lyfts har fram som en metod for att skapa ett sadant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod for projektbedomningar som syftar till att stotta handlaggare i utvarderingar av projekt inom nya teknikomraden.
Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig sarskilt till beslutsfattare och handlaggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men aven andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att hogt stallda klimatmal ska kunna nas samtidigt som en positiv naringslivsutveckling mojliggors.

https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/218305/local_218305.pdf

Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet : En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden

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Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet : En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden