Description / Abstract The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods for Social-Ecological Systems provides a synthetic guide to the range of methods that can be employed in social-ecological systems (SES) research. The book is primarily targeted at graduate students, lecturers and researchers working on SES, and has been written in a style that is accessible to readers entering the ﬁeld from a variety of diﬀerent disciplinary backgrounds. Each chapter discusses the types of SES questions to which the particular methods are suited and the potential resources and skills required for their implementation, and provides practical examples of the application of the methods. In addition, the book contains a conceptual and practical introduction to SES research, a discussion of key gaps and frontiers in SES research methods, and a glossary of key terms in SES research. Contributions from 97 diﬀerent authors, situated at SES research hubs in 16 countries around the world, including South Africa, Sweden, Germany and Australia, bring a wealth of expertise and experience to this book. The ﬁrst book to provide a guide and introduction speciﬁcally focused on methods for studying SES, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainability science, environmental management, global environmental change studies and environmental governance. The book will also be of interest to upper-level undergraduates and professionals working at the science–policy interface in the environmental arena.

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The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods for Social-Ecological Systems

Funding information Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant/Award Number: 19018 Abstract Citizen science is proliferating in the water sciences with increasing public involvement in monitoring water resources, climate variables, water quality, and in mapping and modeling exercises. In addition to the well-reported scientific benefits of such projects, in particular solving data scarcity issues, it is common to extol the benefits for participants, for example, increased knowledge and empowerment. We reviewed 549 publications concerning citizen science applications in the water sciences to examine personal benefits and motivations, and wider community benefits. The potential benefits of involvement were often simply listed without explanation or investigation. Studies that investigated whether or not participants and communities actually benefitted from involvement, or experienced negative impacts, were uncommon, especially in the Global South. Assuming certain benefits will be experienced can be fallacious as in some cases the intended benefits were either not achieved or in fact had negative impacts. Identified benefits are described and we reveal that more consideration should be given to how these benefits interrelate and how they build community capitals to foster their realization in citizen science water projects. Additionally, we describe identified negative impacts showing they were seldom considered though they may not be uncommon and should be borne in mind when implementing citizen science. Given the time and effort commitment made by citizen scientists for the benefit of research, there is a need for further study of participants and communities involved in citizen science applications to water, particularly in low-income regions, to ensure both researchers and communities are benefitting.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wat2.1488

The benefits and negative impacts of citizen science applications to water as experienced by participants and communities

Participatory research approaches address a range of problems in water research, including the under‐valuation of local knowledge, exclusion of marginalized people, preferential treatment of elite and expert perspectives, and extractive and exploitative research practices. Beyond this, a number of participatory approaches to water research are designed to empower participants, democratize knowledge production, improve decision‐making, and help bring about new environmental futures. In this primer, we map participatory research approaches and explain how they have been applied to advance water research. Our review focuses on the following eight approaches: participatory action research, community‐based participatory research, participatory rural appraisal, stakeholder research, participatory modeling, photovoice, citizen science, and sustainable future scenarios. We conclude by discussing a new approach, Participatory Convergence research, including how it builds from other approaches and its prospects to advance water research.

Participatory approaches in water research: A review

There has been an upsurge in studies of flood risk governance (FRG): steering and decision‐making by public and private actors as a complement to risk assessments and technical management options. The scholarly debate is, however, highly fragmented, complicating the production of cumulative insights. To address this knowledge gap, we used six governance strategies for achieving flood resilience that previously have been put forward as a conceptual framework to review 121 articles published between 2016 and 2019, complemented with insights contained in recent overview articles, to gauge the state‐of‐the‐art in FRG literature: to (a) diversify flood risk management strategies; (b) align the strategies; (c) adequately involve private actors, including citizens; (d) put an adequate rule system in place; (e) cater for sufficient monetary and non‐monetary resources; (f) inspire an open and inclusive normative debate. We found, first, that literature is producing insights on increasingly technically advanced risk assessments and agent‐based models but societal debate on justice in flood risk governance is getting attention. A clearly emerging topic is that of citizen engagement in flood risk governance. Second, the geographical focus of the studies is still skewed toward the Global North. To make progress in understanding flood risk governance for better resilience more systematic and comparative empirical assessments of flood risk governance in order to derive generalizable lessons while better taking into account the context‐specificity of FRG. Testing flood risk governance solutions against comparative cases, by balancing the geographical scope of research efforts, and enhancing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary working is a way to deliver knowledge for more resilience.

Improving flood resilience through governance strategies: Gauging the state of the art

There is increasing interest in natural flood management (NFM) and the delivery of public environmental goods. Yet the implementation of NFM can be ad-hoc and is regionally diverse. Communities often play a role in NFM and thus we assess NFM governance in the UK and communities' position within it. We develop a theoretical framework using the concepts of public goods, social capital, collective action and polycentrism and use it to examine the governance of the design and implementation of NFM in Pickering and Calderdale in Yorkshire, to contribute to a debate on how NFM should be managed, by whom, and under what governance arrangements. Drawing on stakeholder interviews, we find that the participation of community flood groups (CFGs) in NFM improved community access to strategic conversations on flood risk management (FRM). In turn CFGs raised the public profile of NFM, enabled the deployment of NFM measures, and helped to generate the evidence base on them. We conclude that there is a need for a polycentric community and catchment-based approach to better coordinate NFM governance across and between scales, to support community access and contribution to flood risk strategy, and to foster sustainable flood risk management.

Community action on natural flood management and the governance of a catchment-based approach in the UK

Community modelling: A technique for enhancing local capacity to engage with flood risk management

Realities and social constructions in flood risk management

Realities and social constructions in flood risk management. Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell and Matilda Becker Legal geography and flood risk management in Germany. Matilda Becker The changing nature of financing flood damages in Canada. Heather Bond Power for change in adapting to coastal flood risk on Curacao in the Caribbean. Lena Fuldauer Power shifts in flood risk management: Insights from Italy. Andrea Farcomeni 'Going Dutch' in flood risk management: how is Dutch flood policy mobilised? Timo Maas Flood policy process in Jakarta, Indonesia, using the Multiple Streams model. Thanti Octavianti A revolving door of policy evolution: Climate change adaptation after Superstorm Sandy. Carey Goldman Policy belief change and learning in response to California flooding. Clarke Knight The challenges of flood warning systems in the developing world. Mahala McLindin Flood warning and recovery in Zimbabwe: some salutary lessons. Abigail Tevera Adapting to floods in social housing in the UK: A social justice issue. Diana King and Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell Emergency intentional flooding: Is social justice adequately considered? Anne Muter At the water's edge: Motivations for floodplain occupation. Laura West Fischer Flood insurance maps and the US National Flood Insurance Program: A case for coproduction? Allison Reilly The effectiveness of social media in flood risk communication. Wenhui Wu

Flood risk management : global case studies of governance, policy and communities

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Community modelling: A technique for enhancing local capacity to engage with flood risk management

Realities and social constructions in flood risk management

Flood risk management : global case studies of governance, policy and communities