Affinity maturation of recombinant antibodies using E. coli mutator cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main aetiologic agent of tuberculosis, a disease of great concern in less-developed regions. Apoptosis is a conspicuous event in macrophages infected in vitro with mycobacteria, a phenomenon also observed in vivo in granulomas of patients with tuberculosis. To determine its significance, it is important to define the mycobacterial moieties involved and how they cause apoptosis. Here we show that the 38-kDa lipoprotein induces macrophage caspase-dependent apoptosis involving TNF-alpha and FasL and, interestingly, with the upregulation of cell-death receptors TNFR1, TNFR2 and Fas. A role for the Toll-like receptor 2 was also demonstrated. In conclusion, the ability to induce apoptosis of host cells is another property of the 38-kDa lipoprotein, a molecule that has focused attention for being an immunodominant antigen that participates in phosphate transport.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02193.x

Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38-kDa lipoprotein is apoptogenic for human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis

Fecal specimens from 292 pregnant women (ages 15-40 yr) and 129 infants (ages 10-20 wk) were examined for helminth eggs by the Kato-Katz method and cultured for helminth larvae identification using a modified Harada Mori method. These specimens were collected from June 1995 through July 1996 in Sarlahi District in the southern rural plains of Nepal. Among pregnant women, the prevalence of helminth infection by the Kato-Katz method was 78.8%, 56.2%, and 7.9% for hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura, respectively. Using the modified Harada-Mori method, 66.1% and 2.0% of women's fecal cultures were positive for hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis, respectively. All of the cultured hookworm larvae were identified as Ancylostoma duodenale. Among infants, 1 specimen was positive for hookworm and 1 for A. lumbricoides using the Kato-Katz method. The modified Harada Mori method detected no larvae in specimens from infants. There was 81.8% agreement between the 2 methods for the detection of hookworm infection. Ancylostoma duodenale is endemic in this study population and highly prevalent in pregnant women.

Ancylostoma duodenale is responsible for hookworm infections among pregnant women in the rural plains of Nepal

Cell-ELISA using β-galactosidase conjugated antibodies

A cell surface ELISA for the screening of monoclonal antibodies to antigens on viable cells in suspension.

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A cell surface ELISA for the screening of monoclonal antibodies to antigens on viable cells in suspension.