High temperature electrolysis in alkaline cells, solid proton conducting cells, and solid oxide cells.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolyte Cells (SOEC) are often considered precluded mainly by their high cost, even when several technical issues have been continuously tackled over the past decades. Our energetic matrix is essentially based on finite fuel sources, which involve the emission of environmentally hazardous pollutants. Nevertheless, now there are several feasible and profitable benign routes for energy generation through solid oxide cells development, mainly for cells capable to produce energy and store it employing hydrogen as energy carrier. Those cells act reversibly as fuel or electrolyzer systems, which may be integrated in hybrid renewable energy plants and may be referred to as Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (RSOFC). In this article, the operation principles of SOEC and SOFC and the current state of the electrolyte, fuel and oxygen electrodes has been reviewed and discussed in detail. Each major section is divided into materials families, including manufacturing issues. Novel materials and processing techniques are currently in development and are summarized here. Moreover, key-points are suggested to overcome the known drawbacks and to improve the performance and economic feasibility in order to enhance the commercialization of RSOFC technology.

Current developments in reversible solid oxide fuel cells

Thermodynamic analysis of synthetic hydrocarbon fuel production in pressurized solid oxide electrolysis cells

Continuing previous reviews on mixed-conducting electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT SOFCs), this work presents a short overview of novel cathode and anode materials, their electrochemical performance in contact with oxygen anion- and proton-conducting solid electrolytes, and specific features determining possible applications. Priority was given mainly to recent research reports published during the last 2–5 years. Particular emphasis is focused on the relevant methodological aspects, potential limitations and drawbacks, and factors affecting electrode polarization and durability. Typical ranges of the polarization resistances, overpotentials, power densities in the cells with various current collectors, and the electrode materials total conductivity and thermal expansion are compared. The electrode compositions appraised in single-chamber and micro-SOFCs, hydrocarbon- and carbon-fueled cells, high-temperature electrolyzers, and other solid-electrolyte appliances are briefly covered in light of their similarity to the common SOFC materials discussed in the previous parts.

Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells: a brief review. III. Recent trends and selected methodological aspects

This study looks into possibilities of hydrogen production on an offshore platform in Norway, to capitalize Norway’s offshore wind potential matching political goals to reduce emissions and make Norway’s transportation sector cleaner The potential power output of a hypothetical offshore wind farm has been assessed using real operating data of other wind farms The usable electricity was between and segmented into three scenarios Solid oxide electrolysis cell and proton exchange membrane electrolysis are compared Their function and the necessary technologies to operate them are described in detail Based on these scenarios the annual hydrogen production was calculated with values between 1530 and 8020 tons per year The second part of the study estimates the investment to find the production cost per kilogram hydrogen, which was compared to recent fuel prices in Norway to see whether the production of hydrogen was profitable Prices vary between 520 € and 10610 € per kg hydrogen

/pdf/hydrogen-production-with-sea-water-electrolysis-using-api3tes7fq.pdf

Hydrogen production with sea water electrolysis using Norwegian offshore wind energy potentials

Steam electrolysis performance of intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell and efficiency of hydrogen production system at 300 Nm3 h−1

Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) can be used for hydrogen generator systems. In this study, two types of SOECs which have different operating temperatures, 850°C and 650°C, were treated. For 850°C-type cell, measurements of current density-voltage characteristic and current efficiency were carried out and the data of 650°C-type cell were obtained from the previous report. For 850°C-type cell, the voltage at 0.4 A/cm 2 was 1.20V and the current efficiency was approximately 100%. With the experimental values, cycle calculations for SOEC system models with production capacity of 300Nm 3 /h were carried out. At a rated operating point of 0.4A/cm 2 , the exergy efficiencies depending on each source of supplied energy were discussed. When all energy was supplied by electricity, the exergy efficiencies were 80.2% for 850°C-type system and 80.5% for 650°C-type one. When heat of 110°C was supplied, efficiencies were 89.2% for 850°C-type system and 90.5% for 650°C-type one. When heats of 110°C and 850°C or 650°C were supplied, they were 91.4% for both systems. The efficiencies were also discussed at various electric supply loads. At the load area< 950kW, 650°C-type system had higher efficiency than that of 850°C-type one. On the other hand, at the load area> 950kW, the efficiency of 850°C system was higher.

Exergy Analysis by Means of Cycle Calculation for Steam Electrolysis Systems Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

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Steam electrolysis performance of intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell and efficiency of hydrogen production system at 300 Nm3 h−1

Exergy Analysis by Means of Cycle Calculation for Steam Electrolysis Systems Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells