Recycling of spent coffee grounds in construction materials: A review

In this study, the effectiveness of the use of spent Turkish coffee grounds as an adsorbent in the treatment of water polluted with cadmium (Cd) ions through adsorption was investigated. The change in adsorption efficiency (%) with independent variable parameters was planned using the Box–Behnken experimental design method, which is a subset of the response surface methodology (RSM), and the relationship was modeled mathematically. The optimum amount of adsorbent, initial Cd (II) concentration, and pH were found to be 3.63 g/L, 67.97 mg/L, and pH 8.87, respectively, when the desirability function method was applied. While the highest adsorption capacity under optimum conditions is 1.32 mg/g, Cd (II) removal efficiency is 96%. Batch adsorption test results demonstrated that Cd (II) adsorption occurred very rapidly and equilibrium was reached in a short period of 60 min. The adsorption of Cd (II) ions increased as pH increased. As the initial Cd (II) concentration increased (up to the initial concentration of 200 mg/L), the removal percentage and adsorption capacity also increased. The adsorption behavior of Cd (II) was investigated with the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the experimental data were determined to be compatible with the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9996). Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics of Cd (II) ions on the coffee grounds in the best way. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope results and zeta potential showed that Cd (II) was bound to coffee by electrostatic forces and complexation reactions.

Optimization of Adsorption for the Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution Using Turkish Coffee Grounds

This study reports the development of bio-based adsorbent by utilizing coffee endocarp (CE) waste as a raw material for lead (Pb) removal from liquid wastewater. The effect of NaOH and HCl as activation precursors on the characteristics and performance of the resulting adsorbents was investigated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The characterization results confirm the positive role of the activation by either NaOH or HCl in enhancing the surface properties of the resulting adsorbents. The chemical activations removed most of impurities leading to smoother surface, pore size enlargement and enhanced surface area to pore volume ratio, which result in an enhanced adsorption capacity and Pb removal efficiency. The raw adsorbent shows 57.7% of Pb removal efficiency and sorption capacity of 174.4 mg/g. On the other hand, after the chemical treatment using HCl and NaOH, the Pb removal efficiencies increased up to 63.9% and 89.86%, with adsorption capacity of 193 and 271.58 mg/g, respectively. Though both activated sorbents demonstrate better adsorption performance compared to the non-activated CE, overall results reveal that the NaOH-activated sorbent offers better characteristic and performance than the HCl-activated sorbent.

Development of Biosorbent Derived from the Endocarp Waste of Gayo Coffee for Lead Removal in Liquid Wastewater—Effects of Chemical Activators

Efficient removal of persistent and emerging organic pollutants by biosorption using abundant biomass wastes.

A portable electrochemical immunosensor for ovarian cancer uses hierarchical microporous carbon material from waste coffee grounds

As the city well known for its culture of coffee drinkers, modern and traditional coffee shops are found everywhere in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. High number of coffee shops in the city generates large quantities of spent coffee grounds as waste without any effort to convert them as other valuable products. In an attempt to reduce environmental problems caused by used coffee grounds, this research was conducted to utilize waste coffee grounds as an activated carbon bio-sorbent. The specific purpose of this research is to improve the performance of coffee grounds bio-sorbent through chemical and physical activation, and to characterize the produced bio-sorbent. Following physical activation by carbonization, a chemical activation was achieved by soaking the carbonized waste coffee grounds in HCl solvent and carbonization process. The activated bio-sorbent was characterized for its morphological properties using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), its functional groups by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and its material characteristics using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Characterization of the activated carbon prepared from waste coffee grounds shows that it meets standard quality requirement in accordance with Indonesian National Standard, SNI 06-3730-1995. Activation process has modified the functional groups of the waste coffee grounds. Comparing to natural waste coffee grounds, the resulted bio-sorbent demonstrated a more porous surface morphology following activation process. Consequently, such bio-sorbent is a potential source to be used as an adsorbent for various applications.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/334/1/012029/pdf

Activation and characterization of waste coffee grounds as bio-sorbent

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Activation and characterization of waste coffee grounds as bio-sorbent