Sputter yields of rough surfaces: Importance of the mean surface inclination angle from nano- to microscopic rough regimes

Particles and Photons as Drivers for Particle Release from the Surfaces of the Moon and Mercury

SDTrimSP is a popular simulation program to compute several effects of the interaction between an impinging ion and a solid, such as ion implantation ranges, damage formation or sputtering of surface atoms. We now introduce a graphical user interface for SDTrimSP to make its operation more accessible for a broad group of users. It is written as a separate Python program and is not restricted to any specific operating system. The interface allows a quick and easy start as well as the direct evaluation of SDTrimSP simulations. Its capabilities are demonstrated here in the form of several example cases, including the dynamic simulations with SDTrimSP, where ion-induced target changes are taken into account. The presented graphical user interface is made freely available to support a large number of users in performing simulations of ion–solid interaction. 

Graphical user interface for SDTrimSP to simulate sputtering, ion implantation and the dynamic effects of ion irradiation

Total sputtering yield and spatial distributions of sputtered atoms are important for numerous deposition techniques. We performed SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) simulations to analyze the total sputtering yield and angular distribution of sputtered atoms for a range of single-element target materials. The simulations were conducted for normal argon ion incidence in the 300–1200 eV range and at an oblique angle for selected ion energies. We examined the total and differential sputtering yields for the transition metals in the periods 4–6 and groups 4–6 (Ti, V, Cr; Zr, Nb, Mo; Hf, Ta, and W) and group 11 (Cu, Ag, and Au) of the periodic table, and other materials that are relevant to sputtering (B and C; Al and Si). For the transition metals, the total sputtering yield increases with the group of the periodic table. The elements in group 4 (i.e., Ti, Zr, and Hf) have the lowest sputtering yield, while the elements in group 11 (i.e., Cu, Ag, and Au) exhibit the highest sputtering yield. The angular distribution of the sputtered atoms shows a cosine distribution for the transition metal atoms. The angular distribution of the sputtered atoms for the oblique ion incidence is more asymmetric for the lower ion energies, while for the higher ion energies, the atoms are sputtered more symmetrically. The symmetry also depends on the group of the periodic table and the atomic mass of the target material. The elements in group 11 show the most symmetric distribution, while the elements in group 4 experience the most asymmetric distribution. Furthermore, in an individual group, the distribution becomes more symmetric with heavier target elements. We also examined in detail the influence of the surface binding energy, atomic mass, and ion energy on the total sputtering yield. These parameters were analyzed with regard to the simplified analytical formula for the total sputtering yield, which was derived by Sigmund. This formula was modified by introducing a power fitting parameter, which accounts for the non-linear sputtering yield dependence on the ion energy. The equation provided good estimates for the total sputtering yield of the transition metals that were sputtered by argon ions with energies up to 1200 eV.

/pdf/total-and-differential-sputtering-yields-explored-by-srim-29q6taap.pdf

Total and Differential Sputtering Yields Explored by SRIM Simulations

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2022.101924

Analytical model for the sputtering of rough surfaces

Investigating the space weathering of the Martian moon Phobos represents an important step toward understanding the development from its origin to its present‐day appearance. Depending on Phobos’ orbital position, its surface is continuously sputtered by the solar wind and planetary ions that originate in the Martian atmosphere. Based on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution measurements, it has been proposed that sputtering by planetary O+ and O2+ ions dominates in the Martian tail region, where the planet mostly shadows Phobos from the solar wind. In these models, uncertainties for sputtering yield inputs still exist due to the lack of sufficient analog experiments. Therefore, sputtering measurements with O+, O2+, C+, and CO2+ ions between 1 and 5 keV were performed using augite samples as Phobos analogs. The experimental results for O+ irradiations show smaller mass changes than predicted by SDTrimSP simulations, which probably can be attributed to O implantation enabled by the Fe content of the target. Sputtering with O2+ and CO2+ in the low keV range shows no deviations in the sputtering yields attributable to molecular effects. Therefore, CO2+ ions will most likely be negligible for the sputtering of Phobos according to the current understanding of ion fluxes on the Martian moon. Ultimately, our experiments suggest that the sputtering contribution on Phobos by O ions is about 50% smaller than previously assumed. This does not change the qualitative outcome from previous modeling stating that planetary O ions are by far the dominant sputtering contribution on Phobos in the Martian tail region.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020JE006583

Experimental Insights Into Space Weathering of Phobos: Laboratory Investigation of Sputtering by Atomic and Molecular Planetary Ions

Combining Experiments and Modelling to Understand the Role of Potential Sputtering by Solar Wind Ions Paul Stefan Szabo1, Herbert Biber1, Noah Jäggi2, Matthias Brenner1, David Weichselbaum1, Markus Wappl 1 , Marcos V. Moro 3 , Anna Niggas 1 , Reinhard Stadlmayr 1 , Daniel Primetzhofer 3 , Andreas Nenning 4 , Andreas Mutzke 5 , Markus Sauer 6 , Jürgen Fleig 4 , Annette Foelske-Schmitz 6 , Klaus Mezger 7 , Helmut Lammer 8 , André Galli 2 , Peter Wurz 2 , and Friedrich Aumayr 1

Combining Experiments and Modelling to Understand the Role of Potential Sputtering by Solar Wind Ions

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Experimental Insights Into Space Weathering of Phobos: Laboratory Investigation of Sputtering by Atomic and Molecular Planetary Ions

Combining Experiments and Modelling to Understand the Role of Potential Sputtering by Solar Wind Ions