The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof: Formula (I) wherein: R1 is C1-4alkyl, C1-3fluoroalkyl or -(CH2)2OH; R2 is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl or C1fluoroalkyl; R3a is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-3alkyl; R3 is optionally substituted branched C3-6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), or (bb) or (cc) in which n1 and n2 independently are 1 or 2; and Y is O, S, SO2, or NR4; and wherein Het is of sub-formula (i), or (ii), or (iii), or (iv) or (v). The compounds are phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, in particular PDE4 inhibitors. Also provided is the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an inflammatory and/or allergic disease in a mammal such as a human, for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or allergic rhinitis.

Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds, and their use as phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Capture compounds and collections thereof and methods using the compounds for the analysis of biomolecules are provided. In particular, collections, compounds and methods are provided for analyzing complex protein mixtures, such as the proteome. The compounds are multifunctional reagents that provide for the separation and isolation of complex protein mixtures. Automated systems for performing the methods also are provided.

Capture compounds, collections thereof and methods for analyzing the proteome and complex compositions

This invention provides polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating genes in plants, e. g., by providing RNA for systemic regulation of genes. Various aspects of the invention provide polynucleotide molecules and methods for regulating endogenous genes and transgenes in a plant cell and polynucleotide molecules.

Polynucleotide molecules for gene regulation in plants

Novel compositions for use to enhance weed control. Specifically, the present invention provides for methods and compositions that modulate protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase in weed species. The present invention also provides for combinations of compositions and methods that enhance weed control.

Methods and compositions for weed control

Selective MMP-13 inhibitors are pyridine derivatives of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R?1 and R2? independently are hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, C?1?-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, NO2, NR?4R5?, CN, or CF?3?; E is independently O or S; A and B independently are OR?4 or NR4R5; R4 and R5? independently are H, C?1?-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, (CH2)n aryl, (CH2)n cycloalkyl, (CH2)n heteroaryl, or R?4 and R5? when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered ring containing carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O, S, or NH, and optionally substituted or unsubstituted; n is 0 to 6.

Pyridine matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

The invention relates to phenylalanine derivatives of formula (I), wherein the radicals have the meaning cited in the description. The invention also relates to the utilization of said compounds as herbicides and/or for regulating plant growth.

Phenylalanine derivatives as herbicides

The invention relates to a method for producing thiopyridines of general formula (I), wherein the substituents can have the meaning cited in the description. The inventive method is characterized in that substituted 2-halogen pyridines of formula (II), wherein Hal stands for fluorine, chlorine or bromine, are reacted in a first step with a thio compound of formula (III) HS-R5 in the presence of a copper catalyst to obtain a pyridine thioether of formula (Ia) which is then gradually oxidized to form sulphoxide (Ib) or sulphone (Ic).

Method for producing substituted thiopyridines

Substituted 2-benz(o)ylpyridines of formula (I) and the salts thereof, wherein n = 0, 1; x = CO, CH2, CH(C1-C4-alkyl), CH-OH, CH-CN, CH-halogen, C(halogen)2, CH-CONH2, CH-CO-O(C1-C4-alkyl), CH-O(C1-C4-alkyl), C(CN) (C1-C4-alkyl); R1 = halogen, C?1?-C4-halogen alkane, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkyl sulfinyl, C1-C4-alkyl sulfonyl; R?2? = H, halogen; R3 = H, NO?2?, OH, halogen, C1-C4-alkoxy; R?4? = H, NO?2?, OH, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4 halogen alkane, C1-C4-alkoxy; R?5? = H, NO?2?, CN, halogen, C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C8-alkenyl,C3-C8-alkinyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C1-C8-halogen alkane, C2-C8-halogen alkenyl, C2-C8-halogen alkane, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyloxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C2-C4-alkinyloxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, cyano-C1-C8-alkyl, cyano-C2-C8-alkenyl, cyano-C3-C8-alkinyl, optionally substituted OH, SH, SO-H, -SO2-H, COOH or NH-COOH, -SO2Cl, -N(R?9, R10?), -NH-SO?2?-(C1-C8-alkyl), -N[-SO2-(C1-C8-alkyl)]2, -N(C1-C8-alkyl) [-SO2-(C1-C8-alkyl)], -SO2-N(R?9, R10?), -O-CO-NH-R9, optionally substituted CHO, -O-CHO or -NH-CHO, NH-CO-NH-R9, -O-CS-NH?2?, -OCS-N(C1-C8-alkyl)2, -CO-N(R?9, R10?), -CS-N (R9, R10), -CO-NH-SO?2?-(C1-C4-alkyl), -CO-N(C1-C4-alkyl), -SO2-(C1-C4-alkyl), hydroxycarbonyl-C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkoxy)carbonyl-C1-C6-alkyl, -CH2-CH(halogen)-CO-N(R?9, R10?), -CH?2?-CH(halogen)-CN, -CH2-CH(halogen)-CO-(C1-C4-alkyl), optionally substituted -CH2-CH(halogen-COOH, -CH=C(halogen)-COOH or -CH=C(C1-C4-alkyl)-COOH, optionally substituted -CH=N-OH or -CH(-Y-R?15, -Z-R15?), (II) or (III); R9, R10 = H, C?1?-C8-alkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C8-alkinyl, C1-C8-halogen alkane, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, cyano-C1-C8-alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C1-C4-alkoxy)carbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C3-C6-cycloalkoxy)carbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C1-C4-alkoxy)carbonyl-C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-(C1-C4)alkoxy)-carbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, optionally substituted phenyl or phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl or R?9 + R10? together = optionally substituted tetramethylene, pentamethylene or ethylene oxyethylene chain; Y, Z = O, S; R15 = C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8 halogen alkane, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl; R16-R21 = H, CN, C?1?-C8-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkoxy, COOH, (C1-C8-alkoxy)carbonyl, CONH2, (C1-C8-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, di(C1-C8-alkyl)aminocarbonyl; R?6? = H, NO?2?, halogen, optionally substituted OH or COOH; R?7? = H, NO?2?, halogen, optionally substituted OH; excluding those compounds in (I) in wherein X = CH2 and R?5? = optionally substituted OH as well as R3, R7 = H or R1 = halogen as well as R?3, R4, R6, R7? = H. The invention further relates to the use of said substances as herbicides and for dessication/defoliation of plants.

Substituted 2-benz(o)ylpyridines, their preparation and their use as herbicides

The invention relates to pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diamides of formula (I), wherein the variables have the meanings indicated in the description. The compounds are useful as herbicidal agents or for desiccating or defoliating plants.

Pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diamides

Substituierte 2-Phenylpyridine der Formel (I) und deren Salze, wobei X = eine Bindung, 1,2-Ethindiyl; gegebenenfalls substituierte Methylen-, 1,2-Ethandiyl- oder 1,3-Propylen-Brucke; gegebenenfalls substituiertes Methylenoxymethylen, Methylenthiamethylen, Ethen-1,2-diyl; uber das Heteroatom an den Phenylring gebundenes, gegebenenfalls substituiertes Oxymethylen, Thiamethylen, Oxyethylen oder Thiaethylen; Y = -O-, -S-; Z1 = -O-, -S-, -N(R?7)-; Z2 = -O?2-, -S-, -N(R?8)-; R1, R2, R7, R8? = H, C?1?-C6-Alkyl, C1-C6-Halogenalkyl, Hydroxy-C1-C4-alkyl, Cyano-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Halogenalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkenyloxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkinyloxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C8-Cycloalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, Amino-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Alkylamino-C1-C4-alkyl, Di-(C1-C4-alkyl)amino-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Alkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Halogenalkylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkenylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkinylthio-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Alkylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Halogenalkylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkenylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkinylsulfinyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Alkylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-Halogenalkylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkenylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C4-Alkinylsulfonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-Alkenyl, C3-C6-Halogenalkenyl, Cyano-C3-C6-alkenyl, C3-C6-Alkinyl, C3-C6-Halogenalkinyl, Cyano-C3-C6-alkinyl, Hydroxycarbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C1-C4-Alkoxy)-carbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C1-C4-Alkylthio)carbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, Aminocarbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, (C1-C4-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, Di-(C1-C4-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-C1-C4-alkyl, gegebenenfalls substituiertes C3-C8-Cycloalkyl, C3-C8-Cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, Phenyl, Phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, 3- bis 7-gliedriges Heterocyclyl oder Heterocyclyl-C1-C4-alkyl, wobei alle Heterocyclen ein (Thio)carbonyl-Ringglied enthalten konnen, oder R?1 + R2? und/oder R1 + R7 und/oder R2 + R8 jeweils zusammen = gegebenenfalls substituiertes 1,2-Ethandiyl-, 1,3-Propylen-, Tetramethylen-, Pentamethylen- oder Ethylenoxyethylen-Kette, oder R1 + R2 zusammen = gegebenenfalls substituiertes 1,2-Phenylen; R3 = CN, Halogen, C?1?-C4-Alkyl, C1-C4-Halogenalkyl, C1-C4-Alkoxy oder C1-C4-Halogenalkoxy; R?4, R5? = H, Halogen; R6 = Halogen, C?1?-C4-Halogenalkyl; n = 0,1. Verwendung: als Herbizide; zur Desikkation/Defoliation von Pflanzen.

Substituierte 2-Phenylpyridine

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