a peralkaline rock as one with (Na20 + KzO ) > H20 (p. 218). The only general criticism of the book might be that there is an over-emphasis on North American examples, especially of igneous bodies, and the absence of several classic metamorphic examples from the Alps, Scandinavia, Scotland, and central Europe is regrettable. Inevitably, the very strength of this text--its emphasis on current ideas and state of the art review--will lead it to becoming dated much more rapidly than its more descriptive predecessors, but we have no hesitation in recommending this extremely good modern text to all serious students of petrology.

Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry, Vol. 2: Statistics and Data Analysis in Geochemical Prospecting

Influence of ultramafic rocks and hot springs with travertine depositions on geochemical composition and baseline of soils. Application to eastern central Greece

Antimony is widely acknowledged as a critical raw material of worldwide significance, based on its recognition by many countries. According to current projections, there is an anticipated increase in the demand for antimony in the forthcoming years. An issue of significant concern within the supply chain, which poses a substantial obstacle to sustainable development, is the global unequal allocation of abundant antimony resources. Most nations exhibited a high degree of dependence on a few countries for their net imports of antimony, resulting in a notable disruption and raising concerns regarding the supply chain. In most countries, antimony exploration and exploitation have been paused for a long period due to financial constraints associated with operations and environmental concerns. Nowadays, identifying additional antimony reserves, particularly in countries that heavily rely on new technologies and use significant amounts of antimony, is imperative and presents a pressing endeavor. Greece is recognized as one of the European Union member states with identified antimony deposits and a historical record of antimony exploitation. A thorough description, examination, and re-assessment of all existing data on the deposits and occurrences of antimony in Greece is presented. Most of Greece’s antimony deposits are related to hydrothermal processes, controlled by specific tectonic structures, and associated with Cenozoic magmatism. They are classified either as simple Sb-deposits, where the primary ore is a stibnite mineral, or complex polymetallic deposits with varying contents that include antimony minerals.

Antimony’s Significance as a Critical Metal: The Global Perspective and the Greek Deposits

Multivariate statistical assessment of groundwater in cases with ultramafic rocks and anthropogenic activities influence

Temperatures and chemical compositions of hot springs are decisive of their roles in heating, power-generation, therapeutic applications and recreational activities. However, the influence of seawater intrusion on hot springs are still not fully understood. Typical ten hot springs in and around the Anak-Sinchon Uplift in a coastal area of the northern Korean Peninsula were investigated. All the hot springs were near-neutral to weakly alkaline. High TDS value of 25300 mg/L was found at the hot spring closest to the coastline. TDS values, and concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl− and SO42− in the hot spring waters near the coast showed decreasing trends with the distance from the coastline. According to the calculation of seawater fraction, three hot springs near the coast were contaminated by seawater. Temperatures of the geothermal reservoir were estimated to range from 103 to 170 °C, which were interpolated by thin plate spline to predict the local trend of the reservoir temperature distribution. Mg2+ concentration was used to determine the time order between the heating process and seawater intrusion. Among the three seawater-contaminated hot springs, very low Mg2+ concentrations in two hot spring waters probably indicate that they were mixed with seawater before being heated in the geothermal reservoir and not affected by seawater intrusion again afterwards; relatively high Mg2+ concentration in the hot spring water closest to the coastline likely indicates that it was mixed with seawater again during the ascent from the geothermal reservoir. The geochemical modeling performed with PHREEQC indicates that dolomitization of calcite and precipitation of anhydrite were the dominant water-rock interactions for the seawater-contaminated hot spring waters. 

Influence of seawater intrusion on the hot springs in a coastal area: The case of the Anak-Sinchon Uplift, Korean Peninsula

The northwest of the island of Euboea is located in a back-arc geological position, at the western extremity of the North Anatolian Fault. In that area, several hot springs occur in three locations (Ilia, Gialtra, Aedipsos; including newly found offshore-springs) with temperatures up to 84 °C, depositing ore-grade thermogenic travertine. The geothermal system is seawater-dominated and under pressure, using the local fault systems and is related to the Plio-Pleistocene Lichades volcanic centre. The whole area could be characterized as the lateral tips of a major fault segment, with the presence of complex networks of additional fault systems leading to fault intersections. That conclusion is also supported by the travitonic data. The geothermal fluids are near neutral pH, sodium-chloride and their chemistry is controlled by: (i) high seawater participation, (ii) a deep magmatic source and (iii) chemical composition of the bedrocks. Based on all the available data, including drilling and temperature logging data, the bedrock hosting the upflow circulation of the geothermal fluid is not in hydraulic connection with cold aquifers or permeable geological formations of the area. The local metamorphic rock formations are impermeable and work as a geothermal cap. Also, Aedipsos’ vast deposit of thermogenic travertine probably acts as a second geothermal cap formation. However, at the same time, it presents serious thermal anomalies, since major geothermal fluid circulation has been identified inside its fractures. According to chemical geothermometers, the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is 140–164 °C. The typical geothermal gradients in the area are from 7.8 °C/100 m to 18.7 °C/100 m. In one case, an anomalous high geothermal gradient (53.9 °C/100 m) was found, most probably due to spatial shape diversity of the geothermal reservoir, a suggestion also supported by the estimated circulation depth of the geothermal fluid, which varies from area to area (~ 300–1800 m) and the fluid residence time (by 226Ra–222Rn method), which is around 80–100 years.

Seawater-dominated, tectonically controlled and volcanic related geothermal systems: the case of the geothermal area in the northwest of the island of Euboea (Evia), Greece

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Seawater-dominated, tectonically controlled and volcanic related geothermal systems: the case of the geothermal area in the northwest of the island of Euboea (Evia), Greece