The paper argues for the use of general and intuitive knowledge representation lajiguages for indexing the content of Web documents and representing knowledge within them. We believe these languages have advantages over metadata languages based on the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML). Indeed, the representation and retrieval of precise information is better supported by languages designed to represent semantic content and support logical inference, and the readability of such a language eases its exploitation, presentation and direct insertion within a document.To further ease the representation process, we propose techniques allowing users to leave some knowledge terms undeclared. We illustrate these ideas with WebKB, a precision-oriented information retrieval/annotation tool, and show how lexical, structural ajid knowledge-based techniques may be combined to retrieve or generate knowledge or Web documents. Finally, to overcome the scalability problems of storing knowledge within Web documents, we propose some ideas for scalable and cooperatively built knowledge repositories.

Embedding Knowledge in Web Documents: CGs versus XML-based Metadata Languages

A large number of DNA sequencing projects all over the world have yielded a fantastic amount of data, whose analysis is, currently, a big challenge for computational biology. The limiting step in this task is the integration of large volumes of data stored in highly heterogeneous repositories of genomic and cDNA sequences, as well as gene expression results. Solving this problem requires automated analytical tools to optimize operations and efficiently generate knowledge. This paper presents an information flow model , called GenFlow, that can tackle this analytical task.

/pdf/genflow-generic-flow-for-integration-management-and-analysis-3zcfkj1t50.pdf

GenFlow: generic flow for integration, management and analysis of molecular biology data

By encapsulating aspects of language semantics within a set of default classes and allowing the programmer to derive new versions, object-oriented languages whose semantics can be tailored to the needs of individual programmers have been provided. The degree to which such languages are simultaneously flexible and efficient is an open question. We describe our experience with using this technique to incorporate transparent support for persistence into the Common Lisp Object System via its metaobject protocol, an open implementation based on reflection. For many aspects of our implementation the metaobject protocol was perfectly suitable. In other cases we had to choose between extending the protocol, requiring the application programmer to employ special idioms, and tolerating a large performance penalty. Based on our experience we evaluate the metaobject protocol, propose some improvements and extensions, and present performance measurements that reveal the need for improved language implementation techniques. >

Reflections on metaprogramming

We consider a database composed of a set of conceptual graphs. Using conceptual graphs and graph homomorphism it is possible to build a basic query-answering mechanism based on semantic search. Graph homomorphism defines a partial order over conceptual graphs. Since graph homomorphism checking is an NP-Complete problem, the main requirement for database organizing and managing algorithms is to reduce the number of homomorphism checks. Searching is a basic operation for database manipulating problems. We consider the problem of searching for an element in a partially ordered set. The goal is to minimize the number of queries required to find a target element in the worst case. First we analyse conceptual graph database operations. Then we propose a new algorithm for a subclass of lattices. Finally, we suggest a parallel search algorithm for a general poset.

/pdf/search-algorithms-for-conceptual-graph-databases-1hl6zq4eer.pdf

Search algorithms for conceptual graph databases

The Web is currently a distributed mass of simple hypertext documents. The authors present a new tool, WebKB that interprets semantic statements stored in Web-accessible documents. WebKB lets its users combine lexical, structural and knowledge-based techniques to exploit or generate Web documents. WebKB is an ontology server and directed Web robot.

/pdf/knowledge-retrieval-and-the-world-wide-web-909581gaud.pdf

Knowledge retrieval and the World Wide Web

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