Ensuring the normal operation of bearings is crucial for the safety of the equipment. In order to better monitor the condition of bearings, a smart triboelectric nanogenerator embedded cylindrical roller bearing (TCRB) is proposed. Its cylindrical rollers are made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and the outer ring consists of grid electrodes coated with nylon film. The present TCRB is demonstrated to achieve long-term stable operation. Experimentally, the TCRB can deliver a maximum output with an open-circuit voltage of 26.56 V and a short-circuit current of 2.45 µA at 600 rpm, and the generated electricity is sufficient to drive small sensors. Moreover, the output can also be processed to realize the self-powered monitoring of the rotational speed with an error of less than 2%. Lastly, four distinct classification methods are utilized to diagnose typical bearing faults using the triboelectric signal, and the diagnostic method with both high levels of accuracy and robustness is determined. This study demonstrates the excellent performance of the TCRB in self-powering, self-sensing and self-diagnosing, providing a viable solution for the development of smart bearings. 

Triboelectric Nanogenerator Embedded Cylindrical Roller Bearing for Rotational Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Fault Diagnosis

The constantly increasing complexity of marine and offshore machinery is a consequence of a constant improvement in ship powering, automation, specialisation in cargo transport, new ship types, as well as an effort to make the sea transport more economic. Therefore, the criteria of reliability, availability and maintainability have become very important factors in the process of marine machinery design, operation and maintenance. An important finding from the literature exposed that failure to marine machinery can cause both direct and indirect economic damage with a long-term financial consequence. Notably, many cases of machinery failures reported in databases were as a result of near misses and incidents which are potential accident indicators. Moreover, experience has shown that modelling of past accident events and scenarios can provide insights into how a machinery failure can be subsisted even if it is not avoidable, also a basis for risk analysis of the machinery in order to reveal its vulnerabilities. This research investigates the following modelling approach in order to improve the efficiency of marine and offshore machinery operating under highly uncertain environment. Firstly, this study makes full use of evidential reasoning’s advantage to propose a novel fuzzy evidential reasoning sensitivity analysis method (FER-SAM) to facilitate the assessment of operational uncertainties (trend analysis, family analysis, environmental analysis, design analysis, and human reliability analysis) in ship cranes. Secondly, a fuzzy rule based sensitivity analysis methodology is proposed as a maintenance prediction model for oil-wetted gearbox and bearing with emphasis on ship cranes by formulating a fuzzy logic box (diagnostic table), which provides the ship crane operators with a means to predict possible impending failure without having to dismantle the crane. Thirdly, experience has shown that it is not financially possible to employ all the suggested maintenance strategies in the literature. Thus, this study proposed a fuzzy TOPSIS approach that can help the maintenance engineers to select appropriate strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of the marine and offshore machinery. Finally, the developed models are integrated in order to facilitate a generic planned maintenance framework for robust improvement and management, especially in situations where conventional planned maintenance techniques cannot be implemented with confidence due to data deficiency.

Development of an Efficient Planned Maintenance Framework for Marine and Offshore Machinery Operating under Highly Uncertain Environment

Rolling element bearings are a key contributor to pump operation. Pump users should know how to analyze bearing issues in the field. When basic analysis is not enough, technical support provided by the manufacturer of the bearing employ rigorous analytical methods and investigative technologies to provide solutions for bearing issues. Bearing manufacturers, working with pump manufacturers and users, have the expertise and facilities necessary to provide the essential support to solve bearing problems. Utilization of the bearing manufacturer’s support can improve bearing reliability and reduce pump downtime.

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Bearing Maintenance Practices To Ensure Maximum Life

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Bearing Maintenance Practices To Ensure Maximum Life