More on moral hazard.

The impact of public health insurance on price and output of medical care is analyzed within the context of monopolistic markets for health services. An important result, which is not obtained in competitive markets, is that indemnity benefits cause smaller price increases than service benefits, both directly and indirectly through the effect of benefit structure on the production of information. Various types of price regulation are considered, including limitation to “usual, customary, and prevailing” levels, a frequently used technique. With a simple dynamic model this type of regulation is shown to cause chronic price inflation.

Imposed health insurance in monopolistic markets: a theoretical analysis

My goal in this paper is to use neoclassical welfare economics to discuss the optimal form of insurance arrangements for medical services. My focus will be on insurance for services rather than on insurance to cover lost wages or other non-medical costs associated with illness, although I will consider these costs brie y at some points. Despite recent criticism of the use of neoclassical welfare economics by some (Evans, 1997; Rice, 1997), I will use it in this paper; my defense for doing so is that there is no obvious alternative normative criterion to use, and the arguments against this approach are substantially overstated (Pauly, 1997; Gaynor and Vogt, 1997). To avoid the most common objections, I will explicitly assume that other income has been redistributed to achieve what society regards as a fair distribution, and that there are no feelings of envy of one citizen toward another's use of medical care.

/pdf/optimal-health-insurance-2el62n26h5.pdf

Optimal Health Insurance

This article reviews the so-called competition strategy for medical care. It sets out the policy goals of the strategy and the problems in the present medical and insurance system that it seeks to address. It then describes several distinct formulations of the competition strategy, showing that it is not a single, rigid, monolithic approach, but rather a flexible combination of market-oriented approaches. Finally, it briefly discusses the technical and political problems and prospects of the strategy.

The Competition Strategy for Medical Care

Toward National Health Insurance in the United States: An historical outline, 1910–1979

National health insurance : an analysis

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National health insurance : an analysis