Cell transplantation holds immense potential for reversing diseases that are currently incurable and for regenerating tissues. However, poor cell survival, cell aggregation and lack of cell integration into the host tissue constitute major challenges for the clinical translation of cell transplantation approaches. Biomaterials can influence cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical and biochemical properties of biomaterials can be tailored to affect cell survival, differentiation and migration. Therefore, the integration of advanced material design with stem cell biology may hold the key to improving the efficacy of cell transplantation. In this Review, we discuss biomaterial design strategies for their potential to influence the fate of transplanted cells and to manipulate the host microenvironment. We examine how biomaterial properties can be modulated to improve transplanted cell survival, differentiation and cell engraftment and how the host tissue can be manipulated for cell transplantation by inducing plasticity and vascularization. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the host immune cells for tissue repair and cell transplantation and discuss strategies to tune the immune response through modulating the mechanical properties, architecture, chemistry and functionalization of biomaterials. Cells can be transplanted into the body to both repair injured or diseased tissue and restore tissue function. This Review discusses how biomaterial design strategies can be used to improve cell survival, influence the fate of transplanted cells, and favourably manipulate the host microenvironment and the immune system.

Biomaterials for cell transplantation

GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidoses have been described: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidoses patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier represents a challenge for the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders. In this sense, alternative routes of administration (e.g., intrathecal or intracerebroventricular) have been evaluated, as well as the design of fusion peptides that allow the protein transport from the brain capillaries to the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about clinical and physiopathological findings of GM2 gangliosidoses, as well as the ongoing proposals to overcome some limitations of the traditional alternatives by using novel strategies such as molecular Trojan horses or advanced tools of genome editing.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/6213/pdf

GM2 Gangliosidoses: Clinical Features, Pathophysiological Aspects, and Current Therapies.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can self renew and differentiate into all cell types of the blood This is therapeutically important as HSC transplants can provide a curative effect for blood cancers and disorders The process by which HSCs develop has been the subject of extensive research in a variety of model organisms, however, efforts to produce bona-fide HSC from pluripotent precursors capable of long term multi-lineage reconstitution have fallen short Studies in zebrafish, chicken and mice have been instrumental in guiding efforts to derive HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells and have identified a complex set of molecular signals and cellular interactions mediated by such developmental regulators as FGF, Notch, TGFβ and Wnt, which collectively promote the stepwise developmental progression towards mature HSCs Tight temporal and spatial control of these signals is critical to generate the appropriate numbers of HSCs needed for the life of the organism The role of the Wnt family of signaling proteins in hematopoietic development has been the subject of many studies owing in part to the complex nature of its signaling mechanisms By integrating cell fate specification with cell polarity establishment, Wnt is uniquely capable of controlling complex biological processes, including at multiple stages of embryonic HSC development, from HSC specification to emergence from the hemogenic epithelium to subsequent expansion This review highlights key signaling events where specific Wnt signals instruct and guide hematopoietic development in both zebrafish and mice and extends these findings to current efforts of generating HSCs in vitro

/pdf/the-role-of-wnt-signaling-in-hematopoietic-stem-cell-35viqljzwq.pdf

The role of Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is common practice today for life threatening malignant and non-malignant diseases of the blood and immune systems. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is rich in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is an attractive alternative to harvesting HSCs from bone marrow or when mobilized into peripheral blood. One of the most appealing attributes of UCB is that it can be banked for future use and hence provides an off-the-shelf solution for patients in urgent need of a transplantation. This has led to the establishment of publicly funded and private UCB banks, as seen by the rapid growth of the UCB industry in the early part of this century. However, from about 2010, the release of UCB units for treatment purposes plateaued and started to decrease year-on-year from 2013 to 2016. Our interest has been to investigate the factors contributing to these changes. Key drivers influencing the UCB industry include the emergence of haploidentical HSCT and the increasing use of UCB units for regenerative medicine purposes. Further influencing this dynamic is the high cost associated with UCB transplantation, the economic impact of sustaining public bank operations and an active private UCB banking sector. We foresee that these factors will continue in a tug-of-war fashion to shape and finally determine the fate of the UCB industry. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018 Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:643-650.

https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sctm.17-0244

Factors Influencing the Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Industry: An Evolving Treatment Landscape.

The invention provides soluble fusion protein complexes having at least two soluble fusion proteins. The first fusion protein is a biologically active polypeptide covalently linked to an interleukin-15 (IL-15) polypeptide or a functional fragment thereof. The second fusion protein is a second biologically active polypeptide covalently linked to a soluble interleukin-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) polypeptide or a functional fragment thereof. In the complexes of the invention, one or both of the first and second fusion proteins further includes an immunoglobulin Fc domain or a functional fragment thereof; and the first fusion protein binds to the soluble IL-15Rα domain of the second fusion protein to form a soluble fusion protein complex. The invention further provides methods for making and using the complexes of the invention.

Multimeric il-15 soluble fusion molecules and methods of making and using same

More than 25,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed each year for the treatment of lymphoma, leukemia, immune-deficiency illnesses, congenital metabolic defects, hemoglobinopathies, and myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes. Before transplantation, patients receive intensive myeloablative chemoradiotherapy followed by stem cell "rescue." Autologous HSCT is performed using the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells, which are harvested before transplantation and reinfused after myeloablation. Allogeneic HSCT uses human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched stem cells derived from a donor. Survival after allogeneic transplantation depends on donor-recipient matching, the graft-versus-host response, and the development of a graft versus leukemia effect. This article reviews the biology of stem cells, clinical efficacy of HSCT, transplantation procedures, and potential complications.

/pdf/hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation-3vdkkr86ei.pdf

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Mark Tuthill

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation