An integrated system generates a model of a three-dimensional object. A scanning laser device scans the three-dimensional object and generates a point cloud. The points of the point cloud each indicate a location of a corresponding point on a surface of the object. A first model is generated, responsive to the point cloud, that generates a first model representing constituent geometric shapes of the object. A data file is generated, responsive to the first model, that can be inputted to a computer-aided design system.

Integrated system for quickly and accurately imaging and modeling three-dimensional objects

The current state of the art of optical fiber sensors is reviewed. The principles of operation are detailed and the various types of fiber sensors are outlined. Achievable performance and limitations are discussed and a description of technology used to fabricate the sensor is presented. The characteristics of acoustic, magnetic, gyro, laser diode, and other sensors are described. Trends in the development of this sensor technology and expected application areas are briefly outlined.

Optical fiber sensor technology

Optical Fiber Sensor Technology

This paper presents a review of both active and passive ring laser devices. The operating principles of the ring laser are developed and discussed, with special emphasis given to the problems associated with the achievement of greater sensitivity and stability. First-principle treatments of the nature of quantum noise in the ring laser gyro and various methods designed to avoid low-rotation-rate lock-in are presented. Descriptions of state-of-the-art devices and current and proposed applications (including a proposed test of metric theories of gravity using a passive cavity ring laser) are given.

The ring laser gyro

One embodiment is directed to a system for enabling two or more users to interact within a virtual world comprising virtual world data, comprising a computer network comprising one or more computing devices, the one or more computing devices comprising memory, processing circuitry, and software stored at least in part in the memory and executable by the processing circuitry to process at least a portion of the virtual world data; wherein at least a first portion of the virtual world data originates from a first user virtual world local to a first user, and wherein the computer network is operable to transmit the first portion to a user device for presentation to a second user, such that the second user may experience the first portion from the location of the second user, such that aspects of the first user virtual world are effectively passed to the second user.

System and method for augmented and virtual reality

In a rotation-sensing fiber-optical Sagnac interferometer, temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations affect the birefringence of the fiber and may cause phase shifts like those resulting from rotation. Insertion of polarizing elements, acting at both ends of the fiber, yields a stable phase.

Fiber-ring interferometer: polarization analysis.

A fiber-optic circuit element is provided of the type for coupling signal ght from a first optical fiber to at least one second optical fiber wherein at least one of the optical fibers has a free end which is controllably movable to be in or out of alignment with the other fibers. Movement of the free end of the fiber is achieved by an expansion layer applied to the fiber and acting as a heatable bimetallic element. Heating of the expansion layer can be achieved by absorption of electromagnetic radiation, including an independent source of control light and/or a portion of the signal light itself. Electrical heating mechanisms can also be used. This circuit element can be advantageously used without limit in optical switches, astable multivibrators, bistable multivibrators, optical resonators, and environmental temperature and pressure detectors.

Fiber-optic circuit element

In a device for determining the influence of physical parameters on the lth of a path, an elastically stretchable optical fiber is guided with minimal pretensioning along the path which is subjected to length changes. The optical fiber is mounted at least sectionally on supports subjected to positional changes with changes in the length of the path. A transit-time measuring device is also provided as part of the measuring device together with the optical fiber. The transit-time measuring device includes a light-pulse repeater forming a closed signal path with the optical fiber. The repeater generates signal pulses circulating in the signal path with the periodicity of the signal circulation time of the signal path. From an electronically measured total travel time through the closed signal path and a total number of which signal pulses the electrical display signal can then be derived to determine the length and change in length of the path being measured.

Apparatus for measuring the influence of physical parameters on the length of a path

In order to permit the measurement of very small rotation rates, the rotan rates are measured by the Sagnac effect in a light path encircling an area. To accomplish this, two coherent light beams are coupled into the two ends of said light path of which a section is subject to perturbations that affect the polarizations of said two light beams. After the beams emerge again from the ends of said fiber, they are superimposed so that they interfere. The rotation rate of said light path can then be evaluated from an analysis of the interference. In particular, in order to reduce sensitivity to the perturbations, the two light beams are coupled with defined states of polarization into said light path of which a section is subject to perturbations, and the two interfering beams pass through at least one polarization analyzer, the azimuth and ellipticity of which is adjusted for maximum transmission of light which is the conjugate of one of said light beams coupled into said light path at one end thereof. An automatic control system, responding to variations of polarization, is used to maintain a stable state of polarization of at least one of said two light beams emerging from said perturbed section of said light path, said stable state of polarization being distinctly different from that state which is blocked by said polarization-analyzer.

Method and arrangement for the measurement of rotations by the Sagnac effect

A small glass tube is deflected by differential thermal expansion effected by low-power 0.82-microm LED light guided in a multimode optical fiber. The resulting deflection is measured, also remotely, by a second LED and a fiber-optic displacement sensor. Amplified feedback from sensor output to thermal-source LED causes continuous oscillation of the tube in the audio range, with a spectral width narrowed by the high mechanical Q. The oscillation period is measured, which is a function of the tube's internal gas pressure, and is largely independent of fiber transmission losses. The device constitutes an all-optical, frequency-coded fiber pressure sensor.

Optical-actuator frequency-coded pressure sensor.

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