The research in energy storage and conversion is playing a critical role in energy policy as the innovation and technological progress are essential for achieving the energy transition and climate neutrality goals. Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology is considered a strategic element in the pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions. This technology is increasingly gaining attention in recent years as a potential substitute to conventional non‐renewable energy sources. Fuel cell technology can be employed for domestic/commercial use along with powering the transportation sector which currently employs the use of conventional battery systems. However, these systems pose severe limitations with respect to longer charging times and limited distance range. This review article aims at providing a comprehensive methodical overview of hydrogen‐based fuel cell technology along with key concepts, present day scenarios, including overview of the market and industry trends, government policies and initiatives, along with major stakeholders involved in scaling up the technology for mass consumption. The outlook of fuel cells, including their capability to revolutionise the energy sector is discussed. The technological advancements and breakthroughs on the horizon along with the challenges and safety concerns related to the widespread acceptance of fuel cells are analysed.

A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications.

A machine learning driven 3D+1D model for efficient characterization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Experimental investigation and comprehensive analysis of performance and membrane electrode assembly parameters for proton exchange membrane fuel cell at high operating temperature

Simulation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in its assembled state has been a long-standing challenge, with one factor being the influence of gas diffusion layer compression resulting from heat and mass transfer on the effective proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane. Due to the lack of in-situ data, it is customary to utilize an empirical formula as a conventional model for determining the effective proton conductivity. However, significant deviations (>10%) have been observed between simulated and experimental data for fuel cells, mainly when the fuel cell is assembled. The assembly of PEMFC caused a shift of effective proton conductivity, leading to a significant deviation. To address this issue, this study proposes a model using COMSOL that integrates mechanics, electrochemistry, heat, and mass transfer of the fuel cell. To decrease the deviation between simulation and experiment, the effective proton conductivity of the proposed model is corrected by the reference proton conductivity. Specifically, an adjustment factor is introduced to the reference proton conductivity to correct the shift of effective proton conductivity caused by the compression. As a result, the average deviation of the proposed model is decreased from 10.44% to 2.25%, compared to a traditional model. As a case study, the optimal compression ratio of 20% is obtained by heat and mass transfer analysis, in which peak power density is increased from 6611.2 to 7466.6 W m−2. This study highlights the importance of membrane proton conductivity for the output performance of PEMFC. 

Modeling and performance investigation on the deformed gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cell

The invention is applicable to the technical field of air quality detection and provides a humidity sensor numerical value compensation method, a device, and an air quality detector. The method comprises acquiring a humidity value detected by a humidity sensor, a first temperature value detected by a first temperature sensor, and an actual temperature value detected by the first temperature sensor, and acquiring a second temperature value detected by a second temperature sensor; reading system time and taking a compensation humidity coefficient; generating compensation humidity in a pre-established humidity sensor numerical value compensation model according to the first and second temperature values and the compensation humidity coefficient; generating an actual humidity value according to the humidity value and the compensation humidity; and displaying the actual humidity value. According to the invention, the humidity value detection precision of the air quality detector is increased.

Humidity sensor numerical value compensation method, device, and air quality detector

Interaction of cell flow directions and performance in PEM fuel cell systems following an anode based water management approach

The system has a fuel cell with an electrolyte arranged between an anode and a cathode (4). A cathode path (6) includes a cathode gas guide (7) for supplying cathode gas to the cathode, and a cathode exhaust gas guide (8) for discharging cathode exhaust gas. An anode path includes an anode gas guide for supplying anode gas to the anode, and an anode exhaust gas guide for discharging anode exhaust gas from the anode. A compression device (25) for compressing the cathode gas is provided in the cathode gas guide, and selectively bypassed from the cathode gas by a bypass guide (28). The fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. The anode gas is hydrogen. The cathode gas is air. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a fuel cell system.

Fuel cell system e.g. mobile fuel cell system, for use in commercial vehicle, has compression device for compressing cathode gas, provided in cathode gas guide, and selectively bypassed from cathode gas by bypass guide

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Regeln einer Feuchte eines Kathodengases einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung (1), wobei die Brennstoffzellenanordnung (1) zumindest eine Brennstoffzelle (10) mit einer Kathode (11), eine Kathodengaszuleitung (12) und eine Kathodengasableitung (13) aufweist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Brennstoffzellenanordnung (1) aufweisend zumindest eine Brennstoffzelle (10) mit einer Kathode (11), eine Kathodengaszuleitung (12), eine Kathodengasableitung (13), einen ersten Drucksensor (20) in der Kathodengaszuleitung (12), einen zweiten Drucksensor (21) in der Kathodengasableitung (13), eine Auswerteeinheit sowie Mittel (14) zum Beeinflussen der Feuchte des Kathodengases.

Verfahren zum Regeln einer Feuchte eines Kathodengases einer Brennstoffzelle sowie Brennstoffzellenanordnung

The calibration method involves detecting the temperature of the gas mixture and determining a saturation parameter from the temperature of the gas mixture. Another saturation parameter is detected and is compared with the former saturation parameter. The humidity sensor (112) is calibrated from the comparison of the saturation parameters. The calibration method is executed by a controller (120). The humidity sensor has a sensor element (114) for detecting a proportion of a gas component in the gas mixture. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a measuring method for detecting a humidity parameter of a gas mixture; and (2) a device for detecting a humidity parameter of a gas mixture.

Calibration method for calibrating humidity sensor for detecting humidity parameter of gas mixture, involves detecting temperature of gas mixture and determining saturation parameter from temperature of gas mixture

Brennstoffzellensystem (1), mit wenigstens einer Brennstoffzelle (2), wobei die Brennstoffzelle (2) einen Anodenraum (3) und einen von dem Anodenraum (3) getrennten Kathodenraum (4) aufweist, und wobei das Brennstoffzellensystem (1) weiterhin eine Kathodengasquelle (5), eine mit der Kathodengasquelle (5) verbundene Gaszufuhrung (6) zum Zufuhren von Kathodengas in den Kathodenraum (4), einen mit der Gaszufuhrung verbundenen Verdichter (7) und eine mit dem Kathodenraum (4) verbundene Abluftleitung (8) zur Ableitung von Abluft aus dem Kathodenraum (4). Erfindungsgemas ist der Verdichter (7) zumindest abschnittsweise mit der Abluftleitung (8) stromungsverbunden.

Komponentenkühlung mit Kathodenabgas

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