The ability to locate and identify relevant visual information is essential for skillful behavior in sport. Performers are required to move the eyes around the display in an efficient manner and to extract critical information using the fovea, parafovea, and/or visual periphery. According to traditional cognitive perspectives, the visual search patterns employed by performers are thought to be prescribed in an almost a‐priori manner by a symbolic code or knowledge map. In this article, we consider an alternative theoretical framework that views search behavior as being an emergent phenomenon based on the unique constraints that exist at any given moment. We present evidence to illustrate how visual search behaviors are shaped in a dynamic manner by the unique constraints imposed by the task, the environment, and the individual characteristics of the performer. Although empirical evidence is needed to clarify and support a constraints‐based explanation of visual search behavior, the ideas are intu...

Constraints on the search for visual information in sport

Understanding the nature and impact of health literacy is a priority in health promotion and chronic disease prevention and treatment. Health literacy comprises the application of a broad set of skills to access, comprehend, evaluate, communicate and act on health information for improved health and well-being. A complex concept, it involves multiple participants and is enacted across a wide variety of contexts. Health literacy's complexity has given rise to challenges achieving a standard definition and developing means to measure all its dimensions. In May 2013, a group of health literacy experts, clinicians and policymakers convened at an Expert Roundtable to review the current state of health literacy research and practice, and make recommendations about refining its definition, expanding its measurement and integrating best practices into chronic disease management. The four-day knowledge exchange concluded that the successful integration of health literacy into policy and practice depends on the development of a more substantial evidence base. A review of the successes and gaps in health literacy research, education and interventions culminated in the identification of key priorities to further the health literacy agenda. The workshop was funded by the UBC Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, Vancouver.

Health literacy and chronic disease management: drawing from expert knowledge to set an agenda.

Introduction Practising Sport Psychology Imagery Motivation Concentration Anxiety Sport Expertise Acquiring Sport Skills Teams The Athlete's Career Exercise and Mental Health Index

Sport Psychology: Contemporary Themes

Attunement to visual information has been suggested to mediate the performance advantage associated with adopting an external focus of attention (e.g., Al-Abood, Bennett, Moreno Hernandez, Ashford, & Davids, 2002; Magill, 1998). We tested this hypothesis by examining the extent to which online visual information underpins the external focus advantage. The study examined skilled golfers on a putting task under one of three attentional focus conditions: control (no instructions), irrelevant (tone counting), and external (movement effect focus), with either full or occluded vision. In addition to task performance, the effect of attentional focus and vision on between-trial movement variability was examined. We found a significant advantage for an external focus of attention in the absence of vision. The results of the movement variability analysis further indicated that external focus was not mediated by the online use of vision. We discuss these findings in the context of traditional cognitive perspectives to external focus effects.

Examination of visual information as a mediator of external focus benefits.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00677316/document

A method to identify talent: Visual search and locomotion behavior in young football players

This study examined age-related differences in the role of visual proprioception during a lower limb interceptive action and how this varies as a function of skill and practice. In Experiment 1, skilled and less-skilled 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old boys controlled a soccer ball using their preferred foot under full vision and when sight of the effector was occluded. With the exception of the high-skilled 12-year-olds and low-skilled 8-year-olds, participants showed a decrement in performance when denied access to visual proprioception. In Experiment 2, the effect of practicing under different informational constraints was examined for 12 year-old boys. Children performed varying amounts of practice under full vision, or in a condition where sight of the foot was occluded, before being transferred to the alternative viewing condition. Participants who practiced under occluded viewing conditions showed greater relative improvement in performance over practice and transfer sessions compared with a full ...

Age-related differences in vision and proprioception in a lower limb interceptive task: the effects of skill level and practice.

This review focuses on improving health literacy in the management of the SNAPW (Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity and Weight) lifestyle risk factors. These lifestyle risk factors make an important contribution to the rising burden of chronic illness in the Australian population. Health literacy in these risk factors and their management influences the decisions and actions which people make and determine the effectiveness of many strategies to prevent and manage chronic illness. However, less than half of the Australian population have adequate levels of health literacy. This has been identified as a priority in each of the major national health strategy reports.

/pdf/effective-determinants-for-supporting-lifestyle-health-19sus5cqoo.pdf

Effective determinants for supporting lifestyle health literacy and self management skills in primary care

Ensuring that Australians have access to health care is an integral component of Australian health care policy. Growing awareness of the importance of primary health care (PHC) in delivering equitable and cost-effective care is creating interest in better understanding and addressing access to best practice PHC. This review examines evidence from the published literature on potential interventions to enhance access to ‘best practice’ PHC suitable for implementation in the Australian PHC system.

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/119193/1/key_findings_16785.pdf

Optimising access to best practice primary health care: a systematic review

Mental health disorders are the leading cause of the disability burden in Australia. Only 40% of people with a mental disorder report receiving treatment. General practitioners (GPs) and generalist providers are essential service providers for this population. This review examines the role of generalists in Australian mental health care, the elements of care they can provide effectively, the supports they need, and the implications for workforce arrangements and policy.

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/119238/1/Perkins_1_final.pdf

What is the place of generalism in mental health care in Australia?: a systematic review of the literature

Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice (8th ed).

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